| Reconstruction of the Mouse Inflammasome System in HEK293T Cells
|
|
Author:
Date:
2016-11-05
[Abstract] The NLRP3 (NLR family, Pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex comprised of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and the protein kinase NIMA related kinase 7 (NEK7) (Shi et al., 2016; He et al., 2016; Schmid-Burgk et al., 2016). When cells are exposed to microbes and/or danger signals, the inflammasome assembles and serves as a platform for the activation of caspase-1. Caspase-1 activation promotes the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, and IL-33 as well as pyroptosis induction (Gross et al., 2011; Arend et al., 2008), which elicit inflammatory responses. Here, we describe how to co-transfect the ...
[摘要] 核糖体足迹或Ribo-seq，彻底改变了翻译研究。它最初是为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的（Ingolia等人，2009）。本文中，我们描述了来自先前公开的多核糖体分离程序的植物优化的亲手核糖体印迹方案（Ingolia等人，2009; Mustroph等人，2009 ）和核糖体印迹（Ingolia等人，2009; Ingolia等人，2013）。使用该协议，我们能够成功地分离和分析来自体外生长的拟南芥植物（黑暗生长的幼苗）的不同阶段的高质量核糖体印迹[Merchante < ，以及在液体培养物中生长的板和植物中的13天龄小植物[未发表的结果]）。
[背景] 翻译在调节基因活性中的中心作用早已被公认，但是在响应于特定刺激的全基因组翻译定量变化的系统探索最近才变得技术上可行。最初为培养中的酵母和哺乳动物细胞开发的核糖体印迹技术（通常称为Ribo-seq）已经彻底改变了翻译调节和基因表达的研究，因为其允许确定核糖体在基因组 - ...
|
|
|
| In vitro Drug Susceptibility Assay for HBV Using Southern Blotting
|
|
Author:
Date:
2015-04-20
[Abstract] Antiviral agents for the suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been used for treating chronic hepatitis B. However, the emergence of drug-resistant HBV is still a major problem for antiviral treatment. To identify and characterize the drug-resistant HBV, the construction of HBV replicon and in vitro drug susceptibility assay are essential. Here we describe the experimental methods to study drug-resistant HBV.
[摘要] 用于抑制乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的抗病毒剂已经用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎。然而，耐药性HBV的出现仍然是抗病毒治疗的主要问题。 为了鉴定和表征耐药性HBV，构建HBV复制子和体外药物敏感性测定是必需的。 在这里我们描述研究耐药性HBV的实验方法。
|
|
|
| Isolation and in vivo Transfer of Antigen Presenting Cells
|
|
Author:
Date:
2014-10-05
[Abstract] Transfer of antigen presenting cells in vivo is a method used by immunologists to examine the potency of antigen presentation by a selected population of cells. This method is most commonly used to analyze presentation of protein antigens to MHC class I or II restricted T cells, but it can also be used for studies of nonconventional antigens such as CD1-presented lipids. In a recent study focusing on CD1d-restricted glycolipid antigen presentation to Natural Killer T cells, we compared antigen presenting properties of splenic B cells, CD8αPos dendritc cells (DCs) and CD8αNeg DCs (Arora et al., 2014). This protocol describes the detailed method used for isolation of these cell populations, and their transfer into recipient mice to analyze their ...
[摘要] 体内转移抗原呈递细胞是免疫学家用来检查所选择的细胞群体的抗原呈递效力的方法。该方法最常用于分析蛋白质抗原对MHC I类或II类限制性T细胞的呈递，但其也可用于非常规抗原如CD1呈递脂质的研究。在最近关于CD1d限制性糖脂抗原呈递到天然杀伤T细胞的研究中，我们比较脾B细胞，CD8αpos 树突细胞（DC）和CD8α Neg sup> DC（Arora et al。，2014）。该方案描述了用于分离这些细胞群体和将其转移到受体小鼠中以分析其抗原呈递性质的详细方法。作为总单核细胞的百分比，平均脾脏含有约1-3％骨髓树突状细胞（DC）。在绝对数量上，这转换为大约0.6-1.8×10 6个DC。为了增强脾中DC的数目，向小鼠皮下注射来自经过工程改造以表达fms相关的酪氨酸激酶3配体（Flt3L）的培养的黑素瘤细胞系（B16.Flt3L）的细胞（Mach等人。，2000）。该蛋白是与集落刺激因子-1同源的生长因子，并在造血干细胞的分化中起关键作用。将这种蛋白质作为纯化的蛋白质施用到小鼠中导致多个器官中的CD8αpos pos和CD8α阳性DC亚群的扩增。在已经植入过表达这种蛋白质的肿瘤细胞的小鼠中也观察到类似的扩增（Mach等人，2000）。根据我们的经验，来自具有可触知的B16.Flt3L肿瘤的小鼠的脾脏中高达60％的总单核细胞可以是CD11c阳性树突细胞，从而得到高达5×10 ...
|
|
|