| Multicolor Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy to Generate High-resolution Images of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Particles and Infected Cells
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Author:
Date:
2017-09-05
[Abstract] Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells induces filopodia, cellular protrusions consisting of F-actin, that extend to neighboring uninfected cells (Mehedi et al., 2016). High-resolution imaging via stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy revealed filamentous RSV particles along these filopodia, suggesting that filopodia facilitate RSV cell-to-cell spread (Mehedi et al., 2016). In this protocol, we describe how to fix, permeabilize, immunostain, and mount RSV-infected A549 cells for STED imaging. We show that STED increases resolution compared to confocal microscopy, which can be further improved by image processing using deconvolution software.
[摘要] 人肺上皮A549细胞中的呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染诱导丝状伪足，由F-肌动蛋白组成的细胞突起，延伸至相邻的未感染细胞（Mehedi等，2016）。 通过受激发射耗尽（STED）显微镜的高分辨率成像显示沿着这些丝状伪足的丝状RSV颗粒，表明丝状伪足有助于RSV细胞对细胞的扩散（Mehedi等，2016）。 在本协议中，我们描述如何修复，渗透，免疫染色和挂载RSV感染的A549细胞进行STED成像。 我们显示与共聚焦显微镜相比，STED增加了分辨率，可以通过使用去卷积软件的图像处理进一步改进。
【背景】RSV形成多形性病毒颗粒，其长度大约为直径约100nm，长度大约为10μm（Bachi和Howe，1973; Mehedi等，2016）。高分辨率光学显微技术是可视化RSV感染细胞和病毒颗粒之间相互作用的关键。在最近的一项研究中，我们使用超分辨率荧光显微镜来研究人肺上皮A549细胞中的RSV细胞对细胞的扩散。
STED显微镜是超分辨率显微镜技术之一，已被开发以规避约200nm衍射屏障的光限制（Hell和Wichmann，1994; Westphal等人，2008）。 ...
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| Lipid Extraction from HeLa Cells, Quantification of Lipids, Formation of Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs) by Extrusion and in vitro Protein-lipid Binding Assays, Analysis of the Incubation Product by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by Flotation across a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
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Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract] Dissecting the interactions established between proteins and membranes in a given type of cells is not an easy task. Using a cell-free system of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) to analyze these interactions may help decipher these interactions and identify potential membrane deformations induced by the proteins incubated with these LUVs. This article describes the protocols for 1) extraction of total lipids from eukaryotic cells using the method developed by Bligh and Dyer (1959), 2) the quantification of glycerophospholipids by gas chromatography after methanolysis, followed by 3) the formation of LUVs by extrusion, 4) protein-lipid binding assay, 5) analysis of the incubation product by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by flotation across a discontinuous sucrose gradient and ...
[摘要] 解剖在给定类型的细胞中蛋白质和膜之间建立的相互作用不是一个容易的任务。使用大单层囊泡（LUV）的无细胞系统来分析这些相互作用可以帮助破译这些相互作用和识别由与这些LUV孵育的蛋白质诱导的潜在的膜变形。本文介绍了1）使用由Bligh和Dyer（1959）开发的方法从真核细胞中提取总脂质，2）在甲醇分解后通过气相色谱法定量甘油磷脂，然后3）通过挤出形成LUV的方案， 4）蛋白质 - 脂质结合测定，5）通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和通过不连续蔗糖梯度浮选分析孵育产物，最后，6）通过免疫印迹分析蛋白质并通过碘素熏蒸显示甘油磷脂。
[背景] 包含巨单层囊泡（GUV;由单个磷脂双层组成，直径大于1μm）或脂质体孵育的无细胞系统与重组蛋白可能有助于了解这些相互作用。根据它们的直径和层数，脂质体被分为小的单层囊泡（SUV;由单个磷脂双层构成的囊泡，直径在20和100nm之间），大的单层囊泡（LUV;由单个双层磷脂，并且直径在100和400nm之间），大多层囊泡（MLV;由多个磷脂双层构成且直径在200nm和3μm之间的囊泡）和多泡囊泡（MVV）;由囊泡组成的大囊泡单个双层磷脂，并含有几个较小的囊泡，每个囊泡由单个双层磷脂组成）。 ...
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| Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay of Staphylococcus aureus by Flow Cytometry
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Author:
Date:
2015-02-20
[Abstract] This protocol describes a straightforward technique to evaluate the phagocytotic capacity of murine macrophages for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). By staining S. aureus with Hexidium Iodide and staining murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with FITC, the macrophage bacterial up-taking ability can be rapidly analyzed by flow cytometry. S. aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria causing severe human and animal infections. Host immune cells such as macrophages serve to eliminate S. aureus by phagocytosing the pathogen and save the host from life-threatening diseases. Study of host macrophage ability to phagocytose S. aureus is important for understanding the host-pathogen interaction and can help to elucidate the pathogenesis of S. ...
[摘要] 该协议描述了评估小鼠巨噬细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）的吞噬能力的直接技术。 通过染色。 金黄色葡萄球菌与碘化己锭染色并用FITC染色鼠骨髓衍生的巨噬细胞（BMDM），可以通过流式细胞术快速分析巨噬细胞细菌摄取能力。 aureus 是一种革兰氏阳性菌，引起严重的人类和动物感染。 宿主免疫细胞例如巨噬细胞用于消除S。 金黄色葡萄球菌通过吞噬病原体并将宿主从危及生命的疾病中拯救。 宿主巨噬细胞吞噬能力的研究。 金黄色葡萄球菌对于理解宿主 - 病原体相互作用是重要的，并且可以帮助阐明S的发病机制。 aureus 感染。 该方案也可应用于其他革兰氏阳性菌的巨噬细胞吞噬测定。
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