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Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red

Company: Thermo Scientific Fisher
Catalog#: 25300054
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Lipid Mixing Assay for Murine Myoblast Fusion and Other Slow Cell-cell Fusion Processes
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Lipid mixing (redistribution of lipid probes between fusing membranes) has been widely used to study early stages of relatively fast viral and intracellular fusion processes that take seconds to minutes. Lipid mixing assays are especially important for identification of hemifusion intermediates operationally defined as lipid mixing without content mixing. Due to unsynchronized character and the slow rate of the differentiation processes that prime the cells for cell-cell fusion processes in myogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and placentogenesis, these fusions take days. Application of lipid mixing assays to detect early fusion intermediates in these very slow fusion processes must consider the continuous turnover of plasma membrane components and potential fusion-unrelated exchange of the ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 脂质混合(脂质探针在融合膜之间的分布)已广泛用于研究相对快速的病毒和细胞内融合过程的各个阶段,这些过程耗时数秒至数分钟。脂质混合测定对于鉴定在操作上定义为没有内容混合的脂质混合的半融合中间体特别重要。由于不同步的特性以及分化过程的缓慢速度,这些分化过程使细胞在成肌,破骨细胞生成和胎盘生成中引发细胞间的融合过程,因此这些融合需要几天的时间。在这些非常缓慢的融合过程中应用脂质混合测定法检测早期融合中间体时,必须考虑质膜成分的连续转换以及脂质探针在膜之间的潜在融合无关交换。在这里,我们描述了脂质混合分析在骨骼肌细胞发育和再生中成肌融合阶段的工作中的应用。我们的方法利用了基于鼠C2C12细胞的成肌分化和融合的常规体外模型。当我们观察到第一个多核细胞的外观时,我们将细胞提起并用荧光脂质DiI 作为膜探针或CellTracker TM Green 作为含量探针标记它们。通过荧光显微镜对探针在细胞之间的重新分布进行评分。半融合细胞被鉴定为用内含物和膜探针标记的单核细胞。解释必须由具有融合能力不足细胞的阴性对照系统支持,以说明脂质探针的与融合无关的交换,并将其贡献降到最低。这种方法进行了较小的修改已用于调查原代鼠成肌细胞,破骨细胞前体的融合以及由配子融合原HAP2 介导的融合,并且很可能可以用于其他缓慢的细胞-细胞融合过程。

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Generation of Gene Knockout and Gene Replacement with Complete Removal of Full-length Endogenous Transcript Using CRISPR-Trap
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  This protocol describes the application of the CRISPR-Trap from designing of the gene targeting strategy to validation of successfully edited clones that was validated on various human cell lines, among them human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The advantage of CRISPR-Trap over conventional approaches is the complete removal of any endogenous full-length transcript from the target gene. CRISPR-Trap is applicable for any target gene with no or little coding sequence in its first exon. Several human cell lines and different genes have so far been edited successfully with CRISPR-Trap. [摘要]  该协议描述了CRISPR-Trap从设计基因靶向策略到验证成功编辑的克隆的应用,所述克隆在各种人细胞系上得到验证,其中人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC)。 CRISPR-Trap优于常规方法的优点是从靶基因完全去除任何内源全长转录物。 CRISPR-Trap适用于在其第一个外显子中没有编码序列或编码序列很少的任何靶基因。 到目前为止,已经使用CRISPR-Trap成功编辑了几种人细胞系和不同基因。

【背景】CRISPR / Cas9技术的出现促进了基因敲除和基因编辑的基因组靶向。执行敲除的常规方法依赖于引入移码导致过早终止密码子(PTC),截短开放阅读框(ORF)以及随后通过无义介导的mRNA衰变(NMD)降解靶基因的转录物。 。这种方法的一个可能的缺陷是全长转录物,其可以逃避NMD并产生具有残余或甚至显性负功能的C末端截短蛋白。该协议提出了CRISPR-Trap,这是我们最近建立的一种方法(Reber et al。>,2018),成功编辑后将阻止从靶基因位点表达任何全长转录本(图1)。简而言之,这种方法针对CRISPR / ...

High-throughput Microscopic Analysis of Salmonella Invasion of Host Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-09-20
[Abstract]  Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium causing a gastro-enteric disease called salmonellosis. During the first phase of infection, Salmonella uses its flagella to swim near the surface of the epithelial cells and to target specific site of infection. In order to study the selection criteria that determine which host cells are targeted by the pathogen, and to analyze the relation between infecting Salmonella (i.e., cooperation or competition), we have established a high-throughput microscopic assay of HeLa cells sequentially infected with fluorescent bacteria. Using an automated pipeline of image analysis, we quantitatively characterized a multitude of parameters of infected and non-infected cells. Based on this, we established a predictive model that ... [摘要]  沙门氏菌是革兰氏阴性细菌,引起称为沙门氏菌病的胃肠疾病。在感染的第一阶段,沙门氏菌使用其鞭毛在上皮细胞表面附近游泳并靶向特定的感染部位。为了研究确定哪种宿主细胞被病原体靶向的选择标准,并分析感染沙门氏菌( ie ,合作或竞争)之间的关系,我们有建立了对荧光细菌依次感染的HeLa细胞的高通量显微镜检测。使用自动化图像分析管道,我们定量表征了感染和未感染细胞的众多参数。基于此,我们建立了一个预测模型,使我们能够识别宿主细胞易受感染的参数。我们发现宿主细胞易损性有两个来源:病原体诱导的细胞易感性从沙门氏菌摄取中出现并持续存在于感染过程的后期阶段;以及与细胞固有属性相关的宿主细胞固有的脆弱性,例如局部细胞拥挤和胆固醇含量。我们的方法基于形态学或分子宿主细胞参数预测单层上皮细胞中沙门氏菌感染的概率。在这里,我们提供了工作流程的详细描述,包括基于计算机的分析管道。我们的方法有可能应用于研究宿主 - 病原体相互作用的其他组合。

【背景】鼠伤寒沙门氏菌血清型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌通过摄入受污染的食物或水感染宿主,引起沙门氏菌病。一旦细菌到达肠道的远端回肠,它们就会侵入广泛的宿主细胞,包括肠上皮细胞(Watson和Holden,2010)。在宿主细胞入侵的第一阶段,沙门氏菌选择其目标,使用其鞭毛游泳并扫描上皮表面(Misselwitz et ...

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