| Drosophila Endurance Training and Assessment of Its Effects on Systemic Adaptations
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Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract] Exercise induces beneficial systemic adaptations that reduce the incidence of age-related diseases. However, the molecular pathways that elicit these adaptations are not well understood. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the exercise response can lead to widely beneficial therapies. Large populations, relatively short lifespan, and easily modifiable genetics make Drosophila a well-suited model system for complex, longitudinal studies. We have developed an enforced climbing apparatus for Drosophila, known as the Power Tower, for the study of systemic exercise adaptations. The Power Tower takes advantage of the fly’s natural instinct for negative geotaxis, an innate behavior to run upwards after being tapped to the bottom of their vial. Flies will ...
[摘要] 运动诱导有益的系统适应，减少与年龄有关的疾病的发生率。然而，引起这些适应的分子途径还不是很清楚。了解作为运动反应基础的分子机制可以产生广泛有益的疗法。大群体，相对较短的寿命和易于修改的遗传学使得 Drosophila 成为复杂纵向研究的一个非常适合的模型系统。我们开发了一种用于 Drosophila 的强制攀爬装置，称为Power Tower，用于研究系统性运动适应性。 Power Tower利用苍蝇的天然本能来消极地质，这是一种天生的行为，在被轻敲到他们的小瓶底部之后向上运行。苍蝇将持续运行至耗尽点或直至机器关闭，以先到者为准。运动3周后，雄性 Drosophila 适应训练，具有许多类似于哺乳动物模型和人类所见的保守，易于量化的生理改善。在这里，我们描述了一个有用的耐力训练协议和一套有效量化训练效果的训练后评估。
【背景】耐力运动可以降低几乎所有与年龄相关的疾病（Ciolac，2013）。耐力训练对心血管功能，能量代谢和活动有很强的作用，从苍蝇到人类都是高度保守的（Piazza et al。，2009; Booth et al。，2015 ; Wilson et al。，2015）。更好地理解运动的遗传介质可能会导致治疗方法，这些治疗方法可以使因疾病或受伤而无法运动的个体受益。 Drosophila ...
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| Shock-probe Defensive Burying Test to Measure Active versus Passive Coping Style in Response to an Aversive Stimulus in Rats
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Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract] Maladaptive avoidance behaviors are seen in many stress-related psychiatric illnesses. Patients with these illnesses favor passive, avoidant coping strategies rather than adaptive, active coping strategies. Preclinically, coping strategy can be measured in rats using the shock-probe defensive burying test, wherein rats receive a shock from an electrified probe inserted into a test cage that mimics their home cage environment, and behavioral output (immobility or burying) is recorded for 15 min following the shock. Immobility in response to the perceived threat of the shock-probe, associated with elevated stress hormone levels, is regarded as a passive, maladaptive coping strategy. In opposition, burying the probe is associated with lower stress hormone levels and is considered an active, ...
[摘要] 在许多与压力有关的精神疾病中可以看到适应不良的回避行为。患有这些疾病的患者倾向于被动的，回避性的应对策略而不是适应性的，积极的应对策略。临床前，可以使用休克 - 探针防御性掩埋测试在大鼠中测量应对策略，其中大鼠接受来自插入模拟其家笼环境的测试笼中的带电探针的电击，并记录行为输出（不动或埋葬）震惊后15分钟。与应激激素水平升高相关的休克探测威胁的不动性被认为是一种被动的，适应不良的应对策略。相反，掩埋探针与较低的应激激素水平相关，被认为是一种积极的，适应性的应对方式。在大鼠中，慢性应激导致在该测试中从活动应变到被动应对（即，按比例减少埋葬和更多不动），模拟许多与压力相关的精神疾病中出现的回避症状。压力引起的应对方式的变化和对休克探针的总体行为反应性提供了一种独特且经过充分验证的测量方法，不仅可以表现出类似焦虑的行为反应，还可以测量大鼠精神疾病模型中的应对策略选择。
【背景】除了“战斗，逃跑或冻结”反应之外，据报告，大鼠在1950年对Hudson的厌恶刺激做出了特定的防御行为，被称为“防御性掩埋”。这种掩埋行为被确定为啮齿动物（包括老鼠，小鼠，仓鼠和地松鼠）对其洞穴中的威胁的先天反应（参见De ...
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