{{'Search' | translate}}
 

Cystamine dihydrochloride

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 30050
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Spectrophotometric Assessment of Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity in Leishmania-infected Macrophages
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress responsive enzyme that metabolizes heme and releases free iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV), which rapidly undergoes conversion to bilirubin (BL). Estimation of bilirubin is the basis of HO-1 assay. HO-1 activity is widely employed to determine antioxidant response of cells under different physiological stress environment. Intra-macrophage infection often acts as such a stress inducer and measurement of HO-1 activity in infected cells indicates the ability of pathogens towards modulating oxidative response of host. The present protocol describes analysis of HO-1 activity in infected macrophages by spectrophotometric method, which is much less complex and therefore advantageous over other methods like high-performance liquid chromatography, ... [摘要]  [摘要] 血红素氧合酶-1 (HO-1)是一种应激反应酶,它能代谢血红素并释放出游离的铁,一氧化碳(CO )和胆绿素(BV),并迅速转变为胆红素(BL)。胆红素的估计是HO-1测定的基础。HO-1活性被广泛用于确定在不同生理压力环境下细胞的抗氧化反应。巨噬细胞内感染通常是压力的诱因和测量方法 被感染细胞中HO-1活性的变化表明病原体具有调节宿主氧化反应的能力。本协议描述了通过分光光度法分析感染的巨噬细胞中HO-1活性的方法,该方法不那么复杂,因此比其他方法(例如高效液相色谱法,放射化学方法和通过气相色谱法检测CO)更具优势。主要步骤包括:(1)制备含有HO-1的巨噬细胞微粒级分(2)分离含有biliverdin还原酶的大鼠肝胞质级分,以及(3)通过分光光度法检测胆红素来评估血红素加氧酶-1活性。该方法提供了一种简单而灵敏的方法来测量感染条件下的细胞抗氧化反应。

[背景] 活性氧(ROS)是抵抗巨噬细胞入侵病原体的主要宿主防御武器之一(Missall 等,2004)。另一方面,巨噬细胞内的病原体由于其在巨噬细胞内的成功持久而中和了早期的氧化爆发(Paiva和Bozza,2014年)。为了应对这种氧化压力,生物可以部署宿主细胞的抗氧化酶,例如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)来清除ROS ...

Modifying Styrene-maleic Acid Co-polymer for Studying Lipid Nanodiscs by Direct Fluorescent Labeling
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  This protocol was developed to functionalize styrene maleic acid (SMA) by direct fluorescent labeling in an easy way, accessible to biochemistry laboratories. This novel method is based on the coupling of carboxylic acids to primary amines using a carbodiimide, a reaction commonly used for protein chemistry. The procedure uses the hydrolyzed styrene-maleic acid copolymer and occurs entirely in aqueous solution with mild conditions compatible with many biomolecules. [摘要]  该协议旨在通过直接荧光标记以简单的方式使苯乙烯马来酸(SMA)功能化,生物化学实验室可以使用。 该新方法基于使用碳二亚胺(一种常用于蛋白质化学的反应)将羧酸偶联到伯胺上。 该方法使用水解的苯乙烯 - 马来酸共聚物并且完全在水溶液中发生,具有与许多生物分子相容的温和条件。

【背景】膜蛋白体外的表征可能非常具有挑战性(Grisshammer和Tate,1995)。除了过度表达和膜分离的困难之外,还需要从其天然环境中提取膜蛋白。必需的溶解步骤通常需要使用去污剂来代替天然脂质环境,这通常会导致膜蛋白的结构和/或活性的丧失(Duquesne 等人,2016)。出于这个原因,已经开发了几种替代选择,例如amphipols(Popot,2010),以避免与洗涤剂相关的一些困难并保持膜蛋白的溶解度。几年前,苯乙烯马来酸(SMA)共聚物更常用作低分子量洗涤剂策略的替代品(Dorr et al。,2014; Jamshad et al。 ,2015; Prabudiansyah et al。,2015)。已经证明SMA能够自发地溶解生物膜并产生平均尺寸为10nm的圆盘形颗粒。这些纳米圆盘(称为SMALP)含有嵌入来自膜和SMA共聚物的脂质中的蛋白质混合物,将颗粒保持在溶液中(Knowles 等人,,2009)。 ...

Comments