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Razor Blades

Company: LabSupplyOutlaws
Catalog#: 12-640
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Observing Nutrient Gradients, Gene Expression and Growth Variation Using the "Yeast Machine" Microfluidic Device
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract]  The natural environment of microbial cells like bacteria and yeast is often a complex community in which growth and internal organization reflect morphogenetic processes and interactions that are dependent on spatial position and time. While most of research is performed in simple homogeneous environments (e.g., bulk liquid cultures), which cannot capture full spatiotemporal community dynamics, studying biofilms or colonies is complex and usually does not give access to the spatiotemporal dynamics at single cell level. Here, we detail a protocol for generation of a microfluidic device, the “yeast machine”, with arrays of long monolayers of yeast colonies to advance the global understanding of how intercellular metabolic interactions affect the internal structure of colonies ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 微生物细胞(如细菌和酵母菌)的自然环境通常是一个复杂的社区,在该社区中,生长和内部组织反映了形态发生过程和相互作用,这些过程和相互作用取决于空间位置和时间。虽然大多数研究是在无法捕获完整时空群落动态的简单同质环境(例如,大量液体培养)中进行的,但研究生物膜或菌落却很复杂,通常无法在单个细胞水平上获得时空动态。在这里,我们详细介绍了一种用于生成微流控设备(“酵母机器”)的协议,该协议带有酵母菌落的长单层阵列,以推进对细胞间代谢相互作用如何影响已定义和可定制的空间尺寸内菌落内部结构的全球了解。以酿酒酵母作为模型酵母系统,我们使用“酵母机器”通过追踪荧光标记的己糖转运蛋白来证明葡萄糖梯度的出现。我们进一步量化了菌落内生长速率的表达空间模式和葡萄糖可利用性调控的其他基因的表达。除此之外,我们显示出氨基酸的梯度也在菌落内形成,潜在地打开了类似的方法来研究许多其他营养物和代谢废物的梯度的时空形成。该方法将来可用于在与生态学和进化有关的单细胞分辨率和时标下,破译其他相同物种或更复杂的多物种系统中的远程代谢相互作用,细胞发育和形态发生之间的相互作用。

[背景 ] ...

A Method for SUMO Modification of Proteins in vitro
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  The Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is a protein that is post-translationally added to and reversibly removed from other proteins in eukaryotic cells. SUMO and enzymes of the SUMO pathway are well conserved from yeast to humans and SUMO modification regulates a variety of essential cellular processes including transcription, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. One of the challenges in studying SUMO modification in vivo is the relatively low steady-state level of a SUMO-modified protein due in part to the activity of SUMO deconjugating enzymes known as SUMO Isopeptidases or SENPs. Fortunately, the use of recombinant SUMO enzymes makes it possible to study SUMO modification in vitro. Here, we describe a sensitive method for ... [摘要]  小泛素相关修饰物(SUMO)是一种蛋白质,其翻译后添加到真核细胞中并可逆地从其他蛋白质中去除。 SUMO和SUMO途径的酶从酵母到人类都很保守,SUMO修饰调节了多种基本细胞过程,包括转录,染色质重塑,DNA损伤修复和细胞周期进程。 研究SUMO修饰体内的挑战之一是SUMO修饰蛋白的相对低的稳态水平,部分原因是SUMO去缀合酶(SUMO Isopeptidases或SENPs)的活性。 幸运的是,使用重组SUMO酶可以在体外研究SUMO修饰。 在这里,我们描述了一种灵敏的方法,用于检测目标人类蛋白质的SUMO修饰,使用来自兔网织红细胞和放射性标记的氨基酸的体外转录和翻译系统。
【背景】与其他泛素蛋白家族修饰一样,SUMO修饰通过ATP依赖性酶促级联发生,涉及E1激活酶(人类中的Aos1 / Uba2异二聚体),E2结合酶(Ubc9)和许多E3连接之一的连续活性。酶(Gareau和Lima,2010)。具有SUMO缀合共有位点的蛋白质ΨKxE(Ψ是疏水残基,其后是赖氨酸,任何氨基酸和谷氨酸),可以通过哺乳动物中表达的一种或几种SUMO旁系同源物(包括SUMO1,SUMO2)进行有效修饰。或SUMO3(统称为SUMO2 / 3,因为它们的序列同源性为97%)(Gareau和Lima,2010; Flotho和Melchior,2013)。 ...

Microfluidics-Based Analysis of Contact-dependent Bacterial Interactions
Author:
Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Bacteria in nature live in complex communities with multiple cell types and spatially-dependent interactions. Studying cells in well-mixed environments such as shaking culture tubes or flasks cannot capture these spatial dynamics, but cells growing in full-fledged biofilms are difficult to observe in real time. We present here a protocol for observing time-resolved, multi-species interactions at single-cell resolution. The protocol involves growing bacterial cells in a near monolayer in a microfluidic device. As a demonstration, we describe in particular observing the dynamic interactions between E. coli and Acinetobacter baylyi. In this case, the protocol is capable of observing both contact-dependent lysis of E. coli by A. baylyi via the Type VI ... [摘要]  自然界中的细菌生活在具有多种细胞类型和空间依赖性相互作用的复杂社区中。 在充分混合的环境中研究细胞,例如摇动培养管或烧瓶,不能捕获这些空间动力学,但是在完全成熟的生物膜中生长的细胞难以实时观察。 我们在这里提出了一种用于观察单细胞分辨率下的时间分辨,多物种相互作用的方案。 该方案涉及在微流体装置中以近单层生长细菌细胞。 作为演示,我们特别描述了观察 E之间的动态相互作用。 大肠杆菌和 Acinetobacter baylyi 。 在这种情况下,该方案能够观察 E的接触依赖性裂解。 大肠杆菌由 A。 baylyi 通过VI型分泌系统(T6SS)和随后的来自 E的基因的功能性水平基因转移(HGT)。 大肠杆菌到 A.baylyi。

【背景】 不同种类细菌之间的空间依赖性相互作用可能在自然界普遍存在,但它们很难观察到。一个例子是通过天然感受的捕食性DNA受体细胞的接触依赖性,原位裂解作为DNA供体的捕食细胞来增强水平基因转移(HGT)。这种情况最近才出现在革兰氏阴性菌中,但已经在多个物种中观察到,并且它被认为是一种相对普遍的现象(Borgeaud et al。,2015; Cooper 等人,,2017; Veening和Blokesch,2017; Ringel et ...

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