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Company: Greenfield Global
Catalog#: P016EAAN
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Shared Pheromonal Communication of Specific Fear Between Adult Sprague Dawley Rats
Author:
Date:
2020-03-20
[Abstract]  Rats are highly social animals, and mainly communicate with one another in two ways: through ultrasonic vocalizations and pheromones. Most research on pheromones has been dedicated those regarding sexual behavior, but more recently pheromones which signal danger to conspecifics have been identified in rodents. In fact, rats are capable of communicating information regarding a specific fear to a companion with which they share a cage. If a rat is trained to associate a previously neutral odor with a foot shock and then pair housed with another rat, the companion will also display a fear response specific to the trained odor, despite never being shocked itself. This communication relies on pheromones; presenting soiled bedding from a shocked rat to an individually housed naïve rat produces ... [摘要]  
[摘要 ] 大鼠是高度社交的动物,主要通过两种方式相互交流:通过超声波发声和信息素。关于信息素的大多数研究都是针对性行为的研究,但最近在啮齿动物中发现了表明对种特异性危险的信息素。实际上,大鼠能够将与特定恐惧有关的信息传达给与它们共享笼子的同伴。如果训练了一只老鼠将先前中性的气味与脚部电击相关联,然后与另一只老鼠放在一起,则同伴也将表现出针对所训练的气味的恐惧反应,尽管它本身从未被电击过。这种通信依赖于信息素。从受电击的老鼠到单独饲养的幼稚老鼠的被褥呈现出相同的恐惧反应。当前方案描述了如何在成年Sprague Dawley大鼠中产生这种现象。它简单且易于复制,需要最少的设备,并且可能在一星期内完成。

[背景 ] 与人类一样,老鼠被认为是一个社会的物种; 他们倾向于凭借特定的事物而不是孤立地发展。一般来说,老鼠可以通过超声波vocali传递信息ž ations和信息素。鉴于其高度发达的嗅觉系统,可能会通过嗅觉传达各种信息。释放和接收信息素在啮齿动物行为的神经生物学和伦理学方面都起着重要作用。这些包括但不限于选择交配伙伴(Kumar 等,2014),传播警报信号(Kiyokawa 等,2013),获取新食物(Posadas-Andrews和Roper,1983),区域标记(大脑)等人,2009年),展示了社会地位(Krames ...

Mouse Mammary Gland Whole Mount Preparation and Analysis
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  The mammary gland undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy and is also subject to neoplastic processes both of which result in histological changes of the gland epithelial structure. Since the mammary tree is a complex three-dimensional structure a method is needed that provides an overview of the entire gland. Whole mounts provide this information, are inexpensive and do not require specialized equipment. This protocol describes mammary gland isolation, whole mount preparation and analysis. Mammary gland tissue, which is removed postmortem, is stained with Carmine Alum, a nuclear stain, allowing detection of epithelial structures embedded in the adipose tissue of the mammary fat pad. Stained mammary glands are imaged by light microscopy or embedded and sectioned for histological ... [摘要]  乳腺在怀孕期间经历广泛的重塑并且还经历肿瘤过程,这两者都导致腺体上皮结构的组织学变化。 由于乳树是复杂的三维结构,因此需要一种提供整个腺体概览的方法。 整个安装提供这些信息,价格低廉,不需要专门的设备。 该协议描述了乳腺分离,整体制备和分析。 在死后取出的乳腺组织用胭脂红明矾(一种核染色剂)染色,允许检测嵌入乳腺脂肪垫的脂肪组织中的上皮结构。 通过光学显微镜对染色的乳腺进行成像或嵌入并切片以进行组织学检查。 诸如Image J的图像分析软件可用于量化分支复杂性,上皮结构重塑或增生变化的扩展。

【背景】尽管乳腺的发育在胚胎发育期间开始并且在出生时存在基本的上皮结构,但是上皮乳树在出生后经历广泛的扩张。响应于激素变化,乳腺上皮细胞增殖并侵入乳腺脂肪垫。在怀孕期间,乳腺上皮经历进一步的分化和重塑以准备产奶。随后,这些上皮结构对断奶作出反应。这些重塑过程由激素,生长因子,细胞因子和细胞外基质驱动。除了响应生理过程的重塑之外,乳腺还经历诸如肿瘤转化的病理过程。这种复杂的生物学以及相对容易的分离使得乳腺成为有用的实验模型。分析乳腺生物学或肿瘤转化的实验研究通常使用小鼠模型来量化基因缺失或过表达对乳腺发育,重塑和肿瘤转化的影响。乳腺整个坐骑允许对乳腺的整个3D上皮结构进行常规和疾病过程的常规检查(Plante et al。,2011; Inman et al。, ...

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