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Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Company: Carl Zeiss
Catalog#: LSM700
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Strategy of Isolating ‘Primed’ Tumor Initiating Cells Based on Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential
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Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract]  

Various stem cells have been found to be dependent on mitochondrial energetics. The role of mitochondria in regulating the self-renewal of normal stem cells and stem-like tumor initiating cells (TICs) is increasingly being appreciated. We proposed that TIC populations have a sub population of cells that are “primed” by mitochondria for self-renewal. Using ovarian cancer model, we have developed a protocol to identify and isolate these “primed” cells using Fluorescence-Assisted Cell Sorting (FACS). We combined live cell stains for a functional marker of TICs and for mitochondrial transmembrane potential to enrich TICs with higher mitochondrial potential that form in vitro spheroids 10-fold more than the other TICs with lower mitochondrial potential. This protocol

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[摘要]  [摘要]已经发现各种干细胞都依赖于线粒体的能量学。线粒体在调节正常干细胞和干细胞样肿瘤起始细胞(TICs)自我更新中的作用日益受到人们的重视。我们提出,TIC种群具有由线粒体“引发”自我更新的亚细胞群。使用卵巢癌模型,我们开发了一种协议,可以使用荧光辅助细胞分选(FACS)识别和分离这些“初免”细胞。我们结合活细胞染色剂作为TIC的功能标记物和线粒体跨膜电位,以富集具有更高线粒体电位的TIC(在体外形成)球状体比线粒体电位较低的其他TIC高10倍。该协议可以直接使用或修改以用于各种小区类型。因此,预期该方案对于干细胞群体中线粒体和能量异质性的基本理解是不可侵犯的,并且在再生医学和癌症生物学的转化研究中也可能被证明是有价值的。


背景技术肿瘤中的细胞异质性对癌症治疗提出了严峻的挑战(Magee等,2012)。当某些肿瘤通过自身更新和分化维持肿瘤时,其与肿瘤抗性的肿瘤起始细胞(也称为癌症干细胞)分层地排列在细胞层次的底部(Magee et ...

Extracellular Vesicles Tracking and Quantification Using CT and Optical Imaging in Rats
Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract]  Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are nanovesicles of endocytic origin. Exosomes contain a plethora of proteins, lipids, and genetic materials of parent cells to facilitate intercellular communications. Tracking exosomes in vivo is fundamentally important to understand their biodistribution pattern and the mechanism of biological actions in experimental models. Until now, a number of tracking protocols have been developed, including fluorescence labeling, bioluminescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography (CT) tracking of exosomes. Recently, we have shown the tracking and quantification of exosomes in a spinal cord injury model, by using two tracking approaches. More specifically, following intranasal administration of gold ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 外泌体是细胞内囊泡的一种亚型,是内吞起源的纳米囊泡。外泌体含有过多的蛋白质,脂质和亲代细胞的遗传物质,可促进细胞间的通讯。在体内追踪外泌体对于了解其生物分布模式和分子结构至关重要。迄今为止,已经开发出了许多跟踪方案,包括荧光标记,生物发光成像,磁共振成像以及外泌体的计算机断层扫描(CT)跟踪。通过两种追踪方法对脊髓损伤模型中的外泌体进行定量分析。更具体地说,在将金纳米颗粒包裹的外泌体鼻内给药于完全脊髓损伤的大鼠后,使用microCT 追踪整个中枢神经系统的外泌体,并通过使用电感耦合等离子体和fla定量 另外,进行了荧光标记的外泌体的光学成像,以了解与健康对照相比,在脊髓病变中迁移的外泌体的丰度,并进一步检查它们对病变中不同细胞类型的亲和力。因此,本文提出的方案有助于研究脊髓损伤情况下细胞和器官水平上的外泌体生物分布。该协议还将使研究人员能够在其他感兴趣的模型中更好地阐明外来体的命运。

[背景 ]外泌体是内体来源的天然纳米囊泡(直径为30-150 nm),由间充质干细胞(MSCs)等多种细胞分泌(Yang 等,2018)。外泌体携带蛋白质,脂质和遗传物质。亲本细胞,并且能够对邻近或远端的细胞和组织产生多种生物学效应(Valadi 等,2007;van Niel ...

Intracellular and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Measurement in Primary Cultured Neurons
Author:
Date:
2018-06-05
[Abstract]  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive oxygen containing molecules. ROS consist of radical oxygen species including superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) and non-radical oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (O2). ROS are generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, environmental stresses including UV or heat exposure, and cellular responses to xenobiotics (Ray et al., 2012). Excessive ROS production over cellular antioxidant capacity induces oxidative stress which results in harmful effects such as cell and tissue damage. Sufficient evidence suggests that oxidative stresses are involved in cancers, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases including ... [摘要]  活性氧物质(ROS)是化学活性的含氧分子。 ROS由自由基氧物种组成,包括超氧化物阴离子(O2-)和羟基自由基(·OH)以及非自由基氧物种如过氧化氢(H

【背景】ROS对维持我们体内的稳态很重要(Brieger等人,2012年)。许多疾病如癌症,神经退行性疾病,心血管疾病和糖尿病与ROS有关(Datta等人,2000)。由ROS引起的DNA损伤是加速癌变过程的主要原因,并且已经积极开发靶向ROS的治疗剂(Trachootham等人,2009)。在循环系统中,异常的氧化应激增加ROS的产生,导致各种心血管疾病(Forstermann,2008)。与糖尿病有关的信号对ROS敏感,并且由异常水平ROS引起的这些信号异常导致糖尿病并发症(Baek等人,2017)。控制大脑中的ROS水平是最重要的活动之一,因为异常水平的ROS会导致多种脑部疾病。被称为阿尔茨海默病重要因素的淀粉状蛋白β导致脑中过量的ROS生成,神经元损伤(Singh等,2011),最终导致痴呆(Polidori,2004)。由活性氧产生的活性小胶质细胞分泌各种细胞因子导致神经元死亡(Heneka等人,2014)。

ROS是由线粒体中消耗的一小部分氧产生的。线粒体中产生的ROS的主要种类是超氧化物阴离子,它是电子传递链的副产物(Batandier等人,2002)。为了检测线粒体中的超氧化物,使用MitoSOX红色,线粒体超氧化物指示剂。由于三苯基鏻基团带正电,MitoSOX红可以有效地穿透磷脂双分子层,并积聚在线粒体基质中。此外,MitoSOX红的氢化乙啶可使研究人员区分超氧化物介导的氧化产物与其他非特异性信号产生的荧光信号(Robinson等人,2006; ...

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