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Company: Kent Scientific
Catalog#: SCL-1015
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Delayed Alternation Task for the Study of Spatial Working and Long Term Memory in Rats
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Memory systems can hold previously presented information for several seconds, bridging gaps between discontinuous events. It has been previously demonstrated that the hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) are necessary for memory retention over delay intervals in alternation tasks. Here we describe the delayed alternation task, a spatial working memory (WM) task in which animals need to alternate between left and right sides of a figure-8 maze on a trial-by-trial basis to receive a reward. On each trial of this task, the rat has to remember the last episode and turn in the opposite direction compared to the previous trial. We manipulated the WM load by introducing delays of various lengths (10 s and 60 s) between trials. While other alternation task protocols use short delay ... [摘要]  [摘要] 内存系统可以将先前显示的信息保留几秒钟,以弥合离散事件之间的差距。先前已经证明海马和内侧内嗅皮层(mEC)对于交替任务中延迟间隔的记忆保持是必需的。在这里,我们描述了延迟的交替任务,这是一种空间工作记忆(WM)任务,在该任务中,动物需要在逐个试验的基础上,在图8迷宫的左右两侧之间进行交替才能获得奖励。在执行此任务的每次试验中,大鼠都必须记住最后一集,并与先前的试验相比要朝相反的方向转动。我们通过在两次试验之间引入各种长度(10 s和60 s)的延迟来控制WM负载。而其他交替任务协议使用试验之间短的延迟时间间隔,我们的协议引入了要求动物使用的不一定是连续的神经元放电模式(支持长期记忆资源,较长的延迟情况,即,时间细胞)被认为与短延迟间隔。

[背景] 海马和内嗅皮层的主要功能是连接由延迟间隔分隔的事件(Eichenbaum,2017; Robinson 等,2017; Ainge 等,2007; Sabariego 等,2019)。有人提出,对于这些事件的记忆保留是通过在时间结构化体验中的连续时刻触发的细胞来实现的,这些细胞被称为时间细胞(Eichenbaum,2017)。然而,尽管大多数研究使用间隔时间不超过15秒的交替任务协议(Ainge 等人,2007; Ito 等人,2015; Pastalkova ...

Induction of Photothrombotic Stroke in the Sensorimotor Cortex of Rats and Preparation of Tissue for Analysis of Stroke Volume and Topographical Cortical Localization of Ischemic Infarct
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  The photothrombotic model of stroke is commonly used in research as it allows the ischemic infarct to be targeted to specific regions of the cortex with high reproducibility and well-defined infarct borders. Unlike other models of stroke, photothrombosis allows the precise size and location of infarct to be tightly controlled with minimal surgical invasion. Photothrombosis is induced when a circulating photosensitive dye is irradiated in vivo, resulting in focal disruption of the endothelium, activation of platelets and occlusion of the microvasculature (Watson et al., 1985; Dietrich et al., 1987; Carmichael, 2005). The protocols here define how photothrombosis can be specifically targeted to the sensorimotor forelimb cortex of rat with high reproducibility. ... [摘要]  中风的光血栓形成模型通常用于研究,因为它允许缺血性梗塞针对特定区域的皮层,具有高重现性和明确的梗塞边界。 与其他卒中模型不同,光血栓形成能够以最小的手术入侵严密控制梗死的精确大小和位置。 当在体内辐射循环的光敏染料时诱导光血栓形成,导致内皮的局灶性破坏,血小板的活化和微血管的闭塞(Watson等人,1985年 ; Dietrich等人,1987; Carmichael,2005)。 这里的方案定义了如何将光致血栓形成特异性地靶向大鼠的感觉运动前肢皮层并具有高重现性。 提供了大鼠皮质组织处理的详细方法以允许精确分析脑卒中体积和立体定向确定缺血性损伤的精确皮层区域。

【背景】中风的光血栓形成模型允许在皮层的特定区域中精确布置缺血性梗塞(Carmichael,2005; Underly and Shih,2017)。光血栓形成可用于封闭皮层中的特定动脉和动脉分支(Carmichael et al。,2005),pia的个别血管(Taylor和Shih,2013),并定义了皮质区域如桶(Dietrich等人,1987)和后肢躯体感觉皮层(Que等人,1999)。使用这种方法,在许多实验动物模型中已经产生了高度可重现的缺血性梗塞,包括啮齿动物(Watson等人,1985; Carmichael等人,2005)和非人类动物模型人灵长类动物(Ikeda et ...

In vivo Use of Dextran-based Anterograde Cortical Tracers to Assess the Integrity of the Cortical Spinal Tract
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  When injected into the motor cortex of rats, anterograde tracers label fibers of the associated descending corticospinal tract (CST) that originate from pyramidal neurons in the tracer-injected cortex. These fibers can be assessed at the level of the spinal cord to determine the integrity of the descending CST and the spatial distribution of axons in the spinal grey matter. Here we provide detailed methods on the minimally invasive stereotaxic injection of anterograde tracers into the forelimb sensorimotor representation in the rat cortex. In addition, we detail the fixing and processing of spinal tissue for assessment of CST integrity and branching into spinal grey matter. [摘要]  当注射到大鼠运动皮层时,顺行示踪剂标记伴随着皮质脊髓束下行(CST)的起源于示踪剂注射皮层中的锥体神经元的纤维。 这些纤维可以在脊髓水平进行评估以确定下降的CST的完整性和脊髓灰质中轴突的空间分布。 在这里,我们提供了在大鼠皮层前肢感觉运动表征的微创立体定向注射顺行示踪剂的详细方法。 此外,我们详细介绍了脊柱组织的固定和加工,以评估CST的完整性和分支到脊髓灰质。

【背景】运动皮层含有上运动神经元,其产生形成CST的下行轴突并终止于脊髓。注入大鼠运动皮层的顺行示踪剂标记这些CST的降纤维,允许其在脊髓水平进行评估(图1)。在啮齿动物模型中,CST的顺行标记广泛用于评估一系列脊髓损伤模型(包括损伤)中的CST完整性(Thallmair等人,1998; Vavrek等人, 2006)和挫伤(Hill等人,2001)。此外,顺行皮质示踪剂已被用于评估不同模型的脑损伤例如皮质卒中中的遗留纤维和CST的可塑性(Wahl等人,2014; Wiersma等人, ...

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