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Company: Merck
Catalog#: GSWP04700
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RI-SEC-seq: Comprehensive Profiling of Nonvesicular Extracellular RNAs with Different Stabilities
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered the main vehicles transporting RNAs in extracellular samples, including human bodily fluids. However, a major proportion of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) do not copurify with EVs and remain in ultracentrifugation supernatants of cell-conditioned medium or blood serum. We have observed that nonvesicular exRNA profiles are highly biased toward those RNAs with intrinsic resistance to extracellular ribonucleases. These highly resistant exRNAs are interesting from a biomarker point of view, but are not representative of the actual bulk of RNAs released to the extracellular space. In order to understand exRNA dynamics and capture both stable and unstable RNAs, we developed a method based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)

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[摘要]  [摘要]外来体和其他细胞外囊泡(EVs)被认为是在细胞外样品(包括人体液)中运输RNA的主要载体。但是,大部分细胞外RNA(exRNA )不能与EV共纯化,而是保留在细胞条件培养基或血清的超速离心上清液中。我们已经观察到非囊泡的exRNA概况高度偏向那些对细胞外核糖核酸酶具有固有抗性的RNA。从生物标志物的角度来看,这些高度抗性的exRNA很有趣,但不能代表释放到细胞外空间的RNA的实际体积。为了了解exRNA动态并捕获稳定和不稳定的RNA,我们开发了一种基于大小排阻色谱(SEC)分馏的RNase抑制剂(RI)处理的细胞条件培养基(RI-SEC-seq)的方法。这种方法使我们能够鉴定和研究细胞外核糖体和tRNA,并提供了可以在不久的将来影响生物标志物发现的细胞外RNAome的动态视图。


图形概要:


所述RI-SEC-SEQ协议的概述:大小排阻层析的级分的测序从nonvesicular胞样品用或不用RNA酶抑制剂(+/- RI)


[背景]细胞外RNA(exRNA )参与细胞间通讯,并且在微创液体活检中有望成为疾病的生物标志物(O'Brien et ...

In vitro Assessment of Pathogen Effector Binding to Host Proteins by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Author:
Date:
2020-07-05
[Abstract]  The mechanisms of virulence and immunity are often governed by molecular interactions between pathogens and host proteins. The study of these interactions has major implications on understanding virulence activities, and how the host immune system recognizes the presence of pathogens to initiate an immune response. Frequently, the association between pathogen molecules and host proteins are assessed using qualitative techniques. As small differences in binding affinity can have a major biological effect, in vitro techniques that can quantitatively compare the binding between different proteins are required. However, these techniques can be manually intensive and often require large amounts of purified proteins. Here we present a simplified Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) protocol ... [摘要]  [摘要] 病原菌与宿主蛋白之间的分子相互作用是毒力和免疫机制的基础。对这些相互作用的研究对于理解毒力活动以及宿主免疫系统如何识别病原体的存在来启动免疫反应具有重要意义。通常,病原体分子和宿主蛋白之间的联系是用定性技术来评估的。由于结合亲和力的微小差异可能产生重大的生物学效应,因此需要能够定量比较不同蛋白质之间结合的体外技术。然而,这些技术可能是人工密集型的,并且通常需要大量纯化的蛋白质。在这里,我们提出了一个简化的表面等离子体共振(SPR)协议,它允许重复的并排定量比较不同蛋白质之间的结合,即使在结合亲和力无法可靠计算的情况下。我们用这种方法来评估稻瘟病菌的毒力蛋白(称为效应器)与宿主免疫受体的结合。这种方法代表了一种快速定量的方法来研究病原体分子如何与宿主蛋白质结合,只需要有限数量的蛋白质,并且具有高度的可重复性。虽然这种方法需要使用SPR仪器,但这些仪器通常可以通过许多机构的共享科学服务获得。因此,这项技术可以应用于任何旨在了解宿主-病原体相互作用的研究中,而不考虑研究者的专业知识。

[背景] ...

Heterologous Expression and Purification of the CRISPR-Cas12a/Cpf1 Protein
Author:
Date:
2018-05-05
[Abstract]  This protocol provides step by step instructions (Figure 1) for heterologous expression of Francisella novicida Cas12a (previously known as Cpf1) in Escherichia coli. It additionally includes a protocol for high-purity purification and briefly describes how activity assays can be performed. These protocols can also be used for purification of other Cas12a homologs and the purified proteins can be used for subsequent genome editing experiments.


Figure 1. Timeline of activities for the heterologous expression and purification of Francisella novicida Cas12a (FnCas12a) from Escherichia coli
[摘要]  该协议提供了分步说明(图1),用于在大肠杆菌中异源表达新西兰弗朗西斯菌弗朗西丝菌Cas12a(以前称为Cpf1)。 它还包括一个高纯度纯化方案,并简要介绍如何进行活性测定。 这些方案也可以用于其他Cas12a同系物的纯化,并且纯化的蛋白质可以用于随后的基因组编辑实验。

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图1.从大肠杆菌 异源表达和纯化<弗朗西斯弗朗西丝菌 Cas12a(FnCas12a)的活动时间表

【背景】原核CRISPR-Cas免疫系统通过使用CRISPR RNA(crRNA)作为外源DNA或RNA的序列特异性靶向的指导来提供针对病毒和质粒的保护(van der Oost等人,2014; Marraffini ,2015)。 1类CRISPR-Cas系统(包含I型,III型和IV型)通常形成多亚基蛋白-cRNA效应复合物,而2类系统(包含II型,V型和VI型)依赖于单个crRNA-引导的效应物核酸酶用于目标干扰(Mohanraju et al。 2016年)。

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