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Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: 6131
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Optimize Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation Method of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars Using Mature Embryo
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Date:
2020-11-20
[Abstract]  Genetic engineering is a powerful tool to develop desired traits in crop plants to make the crops suitable for future demand and changing environments. For the genetic engineering of wheat cultivars, the development of efficient transformation and regeneration systems has always been a primary requirement. Immature embryos have been used as explants for callus generation and genetic transformation of wheat cultivars, but the availability of healthy immature embryos as an explant throughout the year is difficult. In contrast, mature embryos are relatively easy to use throughout the year. The following protocol describes the genetic transformation of wheat cultivars using a mature embryo as explants by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method.
[摘要]  [摘要]基因工程是开发农作物所需性状,使农作物适合未来需求和环境变化的有力工具。对于小麦品种的基因工程,开发高效的转化和再生系统一直是首要要求。未成熟的胚已被用作小麦品种的愈伤组织生成和遗传转化的外植体,但是全年都很难获得健康的未成熟胚作为外植体。相反,成熟的胚胎一年四季都相对容易使用。以下方案描述了使用小麦品种的遗传转化一个成熟胚由外植体的土壤杆菌介导的转化方法。

[背景]遗传转化是通过基因工程在小麦分子遗传学和改善使用的最重要的技术。微粒轰击和农杆菌介导的转化是小麦中遗传转化最广泛使用的两种方法(Vasil等,1992 ;Ding等,2009 ...

Enzymatic Assays and Enzyme Histochemistry of Tuta absoluta Feeding on Tomato Leaves
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Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Enzymes play a key role in insect-plant relationships. For a better understanding of these interactions, we analyzed Tuta absoluta digestive enzymes. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the detection of trypsin and papain-like enzymes in Tuta absoluta larvae by enzyme histochemistry. This assay uses frozen and unfixed samples to avoid the loss of enzymatic activity. We also describe a protocol for the quantification of trypsin and papain-like enzymes in the larvae of Tuta absoluta at different developmental instars. [摘要]  酶在昆虫植物关系中起着关键作用。 为了更好地理解这些相互作用,我们分析了 Tuta absoluta 消化酶。 在这里,我们描述了通过酶组织化学检测 Tuta absoluta 幼虫中的胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶样酶的详细方案。 该测定使用冷冻和未固定的样品以避免酶活性的丧失。 我们还描述了在不同发育期的 Tuta absoluta 幼虫中量化胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶样酶的方案。

【背景】植物和昆虫共存了数百万年,并进化出一系列相互作用,影响不同水平的生物。昆虫设法发展不同的生理和形态适应,以克服植物防御机制。因此,更好地了解其重要功能将有助于其有针对性的控制。昆虫的不同生理功能依赖于酶:消化,呼吸,循环,肌肉,神经,生殖和内分泌。几种酶参与消化。蛋白酶如胰蛋白酶,胰凝乳蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶或羧肽酶是蛋白质消化的原因,蛋白质消化是昆虫的氨基酸来源。因此,消化蛋白酶抑制剂已被成功用于提高植物对昆虫的抗性(Smigocki et al。,2013; Quilis et al。,2014; Hamza et al ...

In vivo Analysis of Cyclic di-GMP Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Activity in Escherichia coli Using a Vc2 Riboswitch-based Assay
Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract]  Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates distinct aspects of bacterial physiology. It is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). To date, the activities of DGC and PDE are commonly assessed by phenotypic assays, mass spectrometry analysis of intracellular c-di-GMP concentration, or riboswitch-based fluorescent biosensors. However, some of these methods require cutting-edge equipment, which might not be available in every laboratory. Here, we report a new simple, convenient and cost-effective system to assess the function of DGCs and PDEs in E. coli. This system utilizes the high specificity of a riboswitch to c-di-GMP and its ability to regulate the expression of a downstream ... [摘要]  环状二磷酸鸟苷(c-di-GMP)是一种无处不在的第二信使,它调节细菌生理学的不同方面。 它由diguanylate环化酶(DGC)合成并被磷酸二酯酶(PDE)水解。 迄今为止,通常通过表型分析,细胞内c-di-GMP浓度的质谱分析或基于核糖开关的荧光生物传感器来评估DGC和PDE的活性。 但是,其中一些方法需要尖端设备,而这些设备可能不适用于每个实验室。 在这里,我们报告了一个新的简单,方便和具有成本效益的系统,用于评估E中DGC和PDE的功能。大肠杆菌。 该系统利用核糖开关对c-di-GMP的高特异性及其响应于c-di-GMP浓度而调节下游β-半乳糖苷酶报道基因的表达的能力。 在该协议中,我们描述了该系统的构建及其用于评估DGC和PDE酶的活性。

【背景】Cyclic-di-GMP是细菌中重要且无处不在的第二信使,其调节各种过程,例如运动到衰退转变,生物膜形成,毒力和细胞周期进展(Römling等人, ,2013)。 GG(D / ...

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