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Company: VWR
Catalog#: 89231-662
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Growth Recovery Assay and FACS-based Population Sorting Following Territorial Exclusion in Proteus mirabilis
Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract]  Many bacteria take part in self recognition and kin discrimination behavior using contact-dependent effectors. Understanding the effects these effectors cause is important to explain bacterial community formation and population dynamics. Typically, kin discrimination effectors are toxins that kill target cells; their effect is therefore obvious and easily measurable. However, many self-recognition effectors, such as the Proteus mirabilis Ids system, are non-lethal and do not cause obvious physiological changes in target cells. Previously, experimental techniques to probe cells experiencing non-lethal kin recognition have been limited. Here we describe a technique to reliably isolate cells deemed self and non-self through Ids self-recognition for downstream phenotypic analysis. ... [摘要]  [摘要] 许多细菌使用接触依赖性效应子参与自我识别和亲属歧视行为。了解这些效应子引起的作用对于解释细菌群落形成和种群动态很重要。通常,亲属歧视效应子是杀死靶细胞的毒素;因此,它们的效果是显而易见的,并且易于测量。但是,许多自我识别效应器,例如变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis) Ids系统是非致命性的,不会在靶细胞中引起明显的生理变化。以前,探测经历非致命亲属识别的细胞的实验技术受到限制。在这里,我们描述了一种技术,该技术可通过Ids自我识别可靠地分离被视为自身和非自身的细胞,以进行下游表型分析。将荧光标记的自我识别突变体的液体培养物混合在一起,并接种在群体允许的琼脂上。收获混合群,并通过荧光激活细胞分选术(FACS)分离每个菌株。在平板读取器上测量每种菌株的生长速率。该协议适用于其他细菌物种。我们简要描述了如何将分类的颗粒用于其他分析,如RNA-Seq文库制备。

[背景和 d] 许多生物的进化适应社区生活。整个大自然中存在的一种常见机制是亲属歧视:对近亲的优先对待和对非亲属的阻碍(Smith,1964)。细菌亲属歧视的研究充分的例子包括接触依赖性抑制(CDI)(Aoki 等,2009; Garcia 等,2016)和通过IV型和VI型分泌系统进行毒素转移(Brunet 等,2013; Souza ...

Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Mitochondria in Mouse Skeletal Muscle
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human body and regulates a variety of functions including locomotion and whole-body metabolism. Skeletal muscle has a plethora of mitochondria, the organelles that are essential for aerobic generation of ATP which provides the chemical energy to fuel vital functions such as contraction. The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle and their function decline with normal aging and in various neuromuscular diseases and in catabolic conditions such as cancer, starvation, denervation, and immobilization. Moreover, compromised mitochondrial function is also associated with metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is now clear that maintaining mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle is vital for sustained health ... [摘要]  骨骼肌是人体中含量最丰富的组织,可调节各种功能,包括运动和全身代谢。骨骼肌有很多线粒体,这是ATP好氧生成所必需的细胞器,它提供化学能量来促进收缩等重要功能。骨骼肌中线粒体的数量及其功能随着正常衰老和各种神经肌肉疾病以及癌症,饥饿,去神经支配和固定等分解代谢条件而下降。此外,受损的线粒体功能也与包括2型糖尿病在内的代谢紊乱有关。现在清楚的是维持骨骼肌中的线粒体含量和功能对于整个寿命期间的持续健康是至关重要的。虽然有许多染色方法可用于研究线粒体,但透射电子显微镜(TEM)仍然是研究骨骼肌中线粒体结构和健康的最重要方法。它提供关于线粒体含量,嵴密度,组织,自噬体形成以及在各种疾病状况中经常观察到的任何其他异常的关键信息。在本文中,我们描述了一个详细的协议样本制备和透射电镜分析小鼠骨骼肌线粒体。

【背景】骨骼肌是一种高度塑性的组织,经过响应一些细胞外信号的形态和代谢适应性。包括抵抗或耐力运动在内的许多干扰刺激线粒体生物发生,导致增加的代谢能力和抵抗疲劳(Li等人,2008; Sandri,2008)。相反,在衰老期间,不活动,以及在许多分解代谢疾病状态下,骨骼肌线粒体数量和功能下降,导致易疲劳性和胰岛素抵抗增加(Sandri,2008)。功能失调的线粒体的累积也可能导致进行性活性氧物质诱导的损伤,从而进一步损害骨骼肌中的氧化能力(Bonnard等人,2008)。 ...

Registration and Alignment Between in vivo Functional and Cytoarchitectonic Maps of Mouse Visual Cortex
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  This protocol describes a method for registration of in vivo cortical retinotopic map with cytochrome c oxidase (CO) labeled architectonic maps of the same mouse brain through the alignment of vascular fiducials. By recording surface blood vessel pattern and sequential alignment at each step, this method overcomes the challenge imposed by tissue distortion during perfusion, mounting, sectioning and histology procedures. This method can also be generalized to register and align other types of in vivo functional maps like ocular dominance map and spatial/temporal frequency tuning map with various anatomical maps of mouse cortex. [摘要]  该协议描述了通过血管基准点的对齐使用细胞色素c氧化酶(CO)标记的相同小鼠脑的构建图来注册体内皮质视网膜地图的方法。 通过记录每个步骤的表面血管图案和顺序对准,该方法克服了在灌注,贴壁,切片和组织学程序期间由组织变形所施加的挑战。 这种方法也可以推广到注册和对齐其他类型的体内功能地图,如眼优势地图和空间/时间频率调整地图与小鼠皮层的各种解剖图。

【背景】通过体内视网膜映射(Marshel等人,2011; Garrett等人,),可以将小鼠视觉皮层分隔成功能上不同的视觉区域。 (Olavarria and Montero,1989; Wang and Burkhalter,2007),或者通过建筑结构辅助的神经元追踪技术,这些不同的视觉区域具有不同的响应特性和皮质皮质连接(Andermann等人,2011; Marshel等人,2011; Roth等人, >,2012; Wang等人,2011和2012)。这些结果表明,鼠标视觉区域形成处理不同类型的视觉信息的分离的视觉流(Murakami等人,2017; Smith等人,2017)。在视觉区域地图的背景下研究鼠标视觉系统对于理解视觉皮层的组织是至关重要的。然而,虽然功能图和结构图大致相似,但是这两幅图显示的并不完美(Zhuang et ...

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