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Potassium hydroxide solution

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P4494
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Ex vivo Whole-cell Recordings in Adult Drosophila Brain
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Date:
2018-07-20
[Abstract]  Cost-effective and efficient, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) has been used to make many key discoveries in the field of neuroscience and to model a number of neurological disorders. Great strides in understanding have been made using sophisticated molecular genetic tools and behavioral assays. Functional analysis of neural activity was initially limited to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and in the central nervous system (CNS) of embryos and larvae. Elucidating the cellular mechanisms underlying neurological processes and disorders in the mature nervous system have been more challenging due to difficulty in recording from neurons in adult brains. To this aim we developed an ex vivo preparation in which a whole brain is isolated from the head capsule of an adult ... [摘要]  果蝇( Drosophila melanogaster )具有成本效益和效率,已被用于在神经科学领域进行许多重要发现并模拟许多神经疾病。使用复杂的分子遗传工具和行为测定已经在理解方面取得了很大进展。神经活动的功能分析最初仅限于神经肌肉接头(NMJ)和胚胎和幼虫的中枢神经系统(CNS)。阐明成熟神经系统中神经过程和病症潜在的细胞机制由于难以从成人大脑中的神经元记录而更具挑战性。为此目的,我们开发了一种离体制剂,其中从成年蝇的头部胶囊中分离出全脑并将其置于记录室中。通过这种制备,可以将成年大脑中鉴定的神经元的全细胞记录与遗传,药理学和环境操作相结合,以探索神经元功能和功能障碍的细胞机制。它还作为评估通过用于治疗神经疾病的行为测定法鉴定的新疗法的作用机制的重要平台。在这里,我们提出了成人 Drosophila 脑中离体制剂和全细胞记录的方案。

【背景】果蝇( Drosophila melanogaster )已被用于在神经科学的各个基本领域(包括学习和记忆)中取得重要发现(Bolduc et al。,2008; Cervantes- Sandoval et al。,2016),突触形成和调节(Genç et al。,2017)和昼夜节律(Allada et al。 ,1998; Guo et ...

A Small RNA Isolation and Sequencing Protocol and Its Application to Assay CRISPR RNA Biogenesis in Bacteria
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  Next generation high-throughput sequencing has enabled sensitive and unambiguous analysis of RNA populations in cells. Here, we describe a method for isolation and strand-specific sequencing of small RNA pools from bacteria that can be multiplexed to accommodate multiple biological samples in a single experiment. Small RNAs are isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and treated with T4 polynucleotide kinase. This allows for 3’ adapter ligation to CRISPR RNAs, which don’t have pre-existing 3’-OH ends. Pre-adenylated adapters are then ligated using T4 RNA ligase 1 in the absence of ATP and with a high concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The 3’ capture step enables precise determination of the 3’ ends of diverse RNA molecules. Additionally, a random hexamer in the ligated ... [摘要]  新一代高通量测序技术能够对细胞中的RNA群体进行敏感和明确的分析。在这里,我们描述了一种从细菌中分离和链特异性测序小RNA池的方法,所述细菌可以在单个实验中多路复用以容纳多个生物样品。小RNA通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离并用T4多核苷酸激酶处理。这允许3'衔接头连接至CRISPR RNA,其不具有预先存在的3'-OH末端。然后使用T4 RNA连接酶1在不存在ATP和高浓度聚乙二醇(PEG)的情况下将前腺苷酸化的衔接子连接。 3'捕获步骤能够精确测定不同RNA分子的3'末端。此外,连接适配器中的随机六聚体有助于控制潜在的下游扩增偏差。逆转录后,将cDNA产物环化并通过PCR制备文库。我们显示扩增的文库不需要通过凝胶电泳可见,以期望产物的有效测序。使用这种方法,我们通常从少量纯化的小RNA制备RNA测序文库。该协议适合于通过对成熟的CRISPR RNA进行测序来测定细菌中的CRISPR RNA生物合成,但可以用于测序不同类型的小RNA。我们还提供了一个完整的数据处理管道示例,并提供了运行所提供脚本的说明。


【背景】与聚集的经常散布的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)相关的遗传模块赋予不同的原核宿主适应性免疫(Barrangou et ...

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