| Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Exosomes from Fibroblast Cultures of Skeletal Muscle
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract] Exosomes are dynamic nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells and are present in all biological fluids. Given their highly heterogeneous content exosomes have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes that they exert by influencing cell-cell and cell-ECM communication. In recent years an increasing number of methods have been established for the purification and characterization of exosomes. These include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, immune capture and precipitation using a proprietary polymer. Here, we provide a protocol based on differential ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients tailored for the isolation of crude and ultra-pure exosomes from primary fibroblast cultures derived from adult mouse skeletal ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 外来体是几乎所有细胞分泌的动态纳米囊泡，并存在于所有生物体液中。鉴于它们的异质含量很高，外泌体已牵涉到它们通过影响细胞-细胞和细胞-ECM通讯而发挥的许多生理和病理过程。近年来，已经建立了越来越多的方法外泌体的纯化和表征。其中包括超速离心，超滤，尺寸排阻色谱，免疫捕获和使用专有聚合物的沉淀。在这里，我们提供了基于差分超速离心和蔗糖密度梯度的协议，该协议专门用于从成年小鼠骨骼肌衍生的原代成纤维细胞培养物中分离粗制和超纯外泌体。可以对该协议进行修改和修改，以从各种组织和体液中分离和表征外泌体。
背景 ] ë xosomes是单膜，异质纳米囊泡直径范围从30至150nm，secre 由所有细胞和存在于几乎所有的体液泰德。外泌体中存在的可溶性和膜大分子，mRNA，microRNA的光谱取决于代谢状态以及分泌这些纳米囊泡的细胞的发育起源。由于它们的货物组成，外泌体可以启动接收细胞中的信号传导途径，并参与了发育，免疫和正常组织生理的维持。在神经退行性疾病，纤维化和癌症等疾病条件下，它们被证明可以触发和传播病理刺激（Rackov 等，2018; Gurunathan 等，2019; van de Vlekkert 等，2019）。在这里，我们描述了从成年小鼠腓肠肌（GA）肌肉建立的成纤维细胞培养物中纯化外泌体的方案（van de Vlekkert ...
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| Flow Cytometric Quantification of Fatty Acid Uptake by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages
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Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract] Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to assimilate fatty acids from its host. However, until recently, there was no reliable way to quantify fatty acid uptake by the bacteria during host cell infection. Here we describe a new method to quantify fatty acid uptake by intracellular bacilli. We infect macrophages with Mtb constitutively expressing mCherry and then metabolically label them with Bodipy-palmitate. Following the labeling procedure, we isolate Mtb-containing phagosomes on a sucrose cushion and disrupt the phagosomes with detergent. After extensive washes, the isolated bacteria are analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the level of Bodipy-palmitate signal associated with the bacteria. Using a Mtb mutant strain defective in fatty acid uptake in liquid culture we ...
[摘要] 结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）已经发展为从其宿主吸收脂肪酸。然而，直到最近，还没有可靠的方法来量化宿主细胞感染期间细菌对脂肪酸的摄取。在这里，我们描述了一种新的方法来量化细胞内杆菌对脂肪酸的摄取。我们用Mtb组成性表达mCherry感染巨噬细胞，然后用Bodipy-palmitate代谢标记它们。标记程序后，我们在蔗糖垫上分离含有Mtb的吞噬体，并用去污剂破坏吞噬体。大量洗涤后，通过流式细胞术分析分离的细菌以确定与细菌相关的Bodipy-棕榈酸酯信号的水平。使用液体培养物中脂肪酸摄取缺陷的Mtb突变株，我们确定该突变体在巨噬细胞感染期间同化比野生型菌株少10倍的Bodipy-棕榈酸酯。脂肪酸摄取的这种定量方法可用于进一步鉴定参与细胞内Mtb和可能的其他细菌的脂质摄取的途径。
【背景】结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）同化宿主来源的脂质（脂肪酸和胆固醇）的能力使得病原体能够在其宿主内存活（Russell等人，2010; Lovewell 等人，2016）。在小鼠感染期间和在人肺组织中，通过巨噬细胞内的Mtb上调胆固醇和脂肪酸代谢相关基因来支持该想法（Schnappinger等人，2003; Rachman等人，2006; Rohde等人，2007;Fontán等人，2008; Tailleux等人，2008; Homolka et al。，2010; Rohde et ...
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