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Shallow water bath

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: Precision 180
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Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) and Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in Culture Cells for Assessment of the Energy Metabolism
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Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Mammalian cells generate ATP by mitochondrial (oxidative phosphorylation) and non-mitochondrial (glycolysis) metabolism. Cancer cells are known to reprogram their metabolism using different strategies to meet energetic and anabolic needs (Koppenol et al., 2011; Zheng, 2012). Additionally, each cancer tissue has its own individual metabolic features. Mitochondria not only play a key role in energy metabolism but also in cell cycle regulation of cells. Therefore, mitochondria have emerged as a potential target for anticancer therapy since they are structurally and functionally different from their non-cancerous counterparts (D'Souza et al., 2011). We detail a protocol for measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) measurements ... [摘要]  哺乳动物细胞通过线粒体(氧化磷酸化)和非线粒体(糖酵解)代谢产生ATP。已知癌细胞使用不同的策略重新编程它们的代谢以满足能量和合成代谢需要(Koppenol等人,2011; Zheng,2012)。此外,每个癌症组织都有其自己的个体代谢特征。线粒体不仅在能量代谢中起关键作用,而且在细胞的细胞周期调控中也起关键作用。因此,线粒体作为抗癌治疗的潜在靶标已经出现,因为它们在结构和功能上与其非癌对应物不同(D'Souza等人,2011)。我们详细介绍了利用海马XF24细胞外通量分析仪(图1)测量活细胞中氧耗率(OCR)和细胞外酸化率(ECAR)测量的方案。 Seahorse XF24细胞外通量分析仪持续测量细胞上清液中的氧浓度和质子流量(Wu等人,2007)。这些测量结果在OCR和ECAR值中转换,并能够直接定量线粒体呼吸和糖酵解。有了这个协议,我们试图评估三种不同癌细胞系的基线粒体功能和线粒体应激反应细胞毒性测试先导化合物甲磺卡西林,以研究其作用机制。将细胞铺在XF24细胞培养板中并保持24小时。在分析之前,将培养基替换为无缓冲的DMEM pH7.4,然后使细胞在非代谢通量分析前使用Seahorse XF在非CO 2孵育器中平衡以允许精确测量Milli-pH单位改变。 ...

D-serine Measurements in Brain Slices or Other Tissue Explants
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  D-serine is an atypical amino acid present in the mammalian body (most amino acids in the mammalian body are L-isomers) that is mostly known in neuroscience for its role as a co-agonist controlling the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). D-serine levels are decreased in patients with schizophrenia and this is thought to mediate, at least in part, the hypofunction of NMDARs that is central to the glutamate hypothesis for the etiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. D-serine detection was first established using high performance liquid chromatography, a costly and complex technique that requires high levels of expertise. But with the increasing interest in this unconventional amino acid, there is an increasing need for easier, cheaper and more accessible detection methods. Here we ... [摘要]  D-丝氨酸是存在于哺乳动物体内的非典型氨基酸(哺乳动物体内的大部分氨基酸是L-异构体),其在神经科学中主要是作为控制N-甲基D-天冬氨酸受体的共激动剂的作用而已知的NMDA受体)。精神分裂症患者的D-丝氨酸水平降低,这被认为至少部分地介导了NMDARs功能减退,这种谷氨酸假说对于这种神经精神障碍的病因至关重要。 D-丝氨酸检测首先使用高效液相色谱法建立,这是一种昂贵且复杂的技术,需要高水平的专业知识。但随着对这种非常规氨基酸的兴趣日益增加,人们越来越需要更容易,更便宜和更容易获得的检测方法。在这里,我们描述了我们在最近的出版物(Papouin等人,2017b)中采用的安培法,基于生物传感器的方法。它可以对新鲜组织的D-丝氨酸水平进行可靠的测量,如急性脑切片,浓度高于100 nM,技术要求最低。

【背景】N-甲基D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)是脑,脊髓和周围神经系统如肠神经元中神经递质谷氨酸的受体。在肾小管细胞和软骨细胞中也有发现。除谷氨酸外,NMDAR的激活需要在专用结合位点上结合共激动剂(Johnson和Ascher,1987; Kleckner和Dingledine,1988)。非常规氨基酸D-丝氨酸是神经系统众多区域中NMDAR的内源性共激动剂(参见Papouin等人,2017a)。在肝脏和肾脏中也可以发现其丰富的降解和排泄(Montesinos ...

Obtaining Acute Brain Slices
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]   Obtaining acute brain slices for electrophysiology or amperometric recordings has become a routine procedure in most labs in the field of neuroscience. Yet, protocols describing the step by step process are scarce, in particular for routine acute preparations such as from the mouse hippocampus. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the dissection, extraction and acute slicing of the mouse brain, including tips and list of material required. [摘要]  在神经科学领域的大多数实验室中,获得用于电生理学或电流记录的急性脑切片已经成为常规手术。 然而,描述逐步过程的方案是稀缺的,特别是对于例如来自小鼠海马的常规急性制剂。 在这里,我们提供了一个详细的协议,解剖,提取和急性切片的小鼠大脑,包括技巧和所需材料清单。

【背景】随着体外电生理和电流记录技术的民主化,从啮齿动物大脑获取急性切片已经成为神经科学研究中经典和关键的步骤。然而,实现这一程序所需的技术诀窍通常是口头传递的,大多数实验室已经开发了自制的食谱,并根据自己的需要或感兴趣的区域调整了最重要的步骤,从而缺乏描述如何逐步获得高质量的急性脑切片。虽然可以发现一些方案描述特别具有挑战性的准备,例如成年小鼠脊髓的急性切片(Garre等人,Bioprotocol 2017: https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.2102 ),描述了更多日常准备的基本程序( ...

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