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Potassium chloride (KCl)

Company: Merck
Catalog#: PX1405
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Delivery of the Cas9 or TevCas9 System into Phaeodactylum tricornutum via Conjugation of Plasmids from a Bacterial Donor
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Date:
2018-08-20
[Abstract]  Diatoms are an ecologically important group of eukaryotic microalgae with properties that make them attractive for biotechnological applications such as biofuels, foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model diatom with defined culture conditions, but routine genetic manipulations are hindered by a lack of simple and robust genetic tools. One obstacle to efficient engineering of P. tricornutum is that the current selection methods for P. tricornutum transformants depend on the use of a limited number of antibiotic resistance genes. An alternative and more cost-effective selection method would be to generate auxotrophic strains of P. tricornutum by knocking out key genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, and using ... [摘要]  硅藻是一种具有重要生态意义的真核微藻类,其特性使其对生物燃料,食品,化妆品和药品等生物技术应用具有吸引力。 Phaeodactylum tricornutum 是具有确定培养条件的模型硅藻,但缺乏简单而强大的遗传工具阻碍了常规遗传操作。有效设计 P的一个障碍。 tricornutum 是 P的当前选择方法。 tricornutum 转化体依赖于使用有限数量的抗生素抗性基因。另一种更具成本效益的选择方法是产生 P的营养缺陷型菌株。通过敲除参与氨基酸生物合成的关键基因,并使用基于质粒的生物合成基因拷贝作为选择标记,使三角酵母。以前关于 P基因敲除的研究。 tricornutum 使用biolistic转换将CRISPR-Cas9系统传递到 P.藻。非复制质粒的生物射弹转化可导致对 P的不期望的损伤。由于转化的DNA随机整合到基因组中,tricornutum 。随后固化编辑的细胞以防止Cas9的长期过表达是非常困难的,因为目前没有方法来切除整合的质粒。该协议采用新方法将Cas9或TevCas9系统传送到 P. tricornutum 通过来自细菌供体细胞的质粒的缀合。该过程涉及:1)设计和插入靶向 P的guideRNA。将tricornutum 尿素酶基因导入TevCas9表达质粒,该质粒也编码转移的接合起点,2)将该质粒安装在含有含有接合机制的质粒(pTA-Mob)的大肠杆菌中, ...

Analysis of Exosome Transfer in Mammalian Cells by Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  During the course of evolution, prokaryote and eukaryote cells have developed elegant and to some extent analogous strategies to communicate with each other and to adapt to their surrounding environment. Eukaryotic cells communicate with each other through direct interaction via juxtracrine signaling and/or by secreting soluble factors. These secreted factors can subsequently act on the cell itself (autocrine signaling) or interact with neighboring (paracrine signaling) and distant (endocrine signaling) cells. The transmission of signals between cells and tissues has been traditionally thought to be regulated by a protein-based signaling system. Typically, proteins destined for secretion into the extracellular milieu by exocytosis contain a canonical secretion-targeting sequence (Théry et ... [摘要]  在进化过程中,原核生物和真核生物细胞已经形成了优雅,在一定程度上类似的相互交流和适应周围环境的策略。真核生物细胞通过直接相互作用经Juxtracrine信号传导和/或通过分泌可溶性因子相互沟通。这些分泌的因子随后可以作用于细胞本身(自分泌信号传导)或与邻近的(旁分泌信号传导)和远处的(内分泌信号传导)细胞相互作用。传统上认为细胞和组织之间的信号传递受到基于蛋白质的信号传导系统的调节。通常,通过胞吐作用分泌到细胞外环境中的蛋白质含有典型的分泌靶向序列(Théry等,2002)。然而,具有非连续和刺激依赖性分泌的蛋白质,不含有经典分泌靶向序列的蛋白质,以及在细胞外环境(DNA,mRNA,肽,代谢物,miRNA和其他RNA)中可能过于不稳定的物质物种)可以以特定的方式分泌在小膜胞外囊泡(EV)中(Hagiwara等人,2014)。外来体代表直径为30-130nm的这些分泌的膜囊泡中的一大类(Cocucci等人,2009;Théry等人,2009; Kowal等人, >,et al。,2014),其形成在称为多泡体的内体隔室中的分泌细胞内。加载到外泌体中的分子以及细胞之间外来体转移的强度是随后调节受体细胞的重要参数。目前关于外泌体分泌及其在受体细胞中内化的知识仍不完整。已知外泌体的分泌强度根据细胞类型和其生理状态而变化(Garcia等人,2016)。此外,促进与细胞 - ...

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