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Na2HPO4

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: NIST2186II
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Isolating Multiple Extracellular Vesicles Subsets, Including Exosomes and Membrane Vesicles, from Bovine Milk Using Sodium Citrate and Differential Ultracentrifugation
Author:
Date:
2020-06-05
[Abstract]  Milk is a complex fluid that contains various types of proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Some proteins can mingle with EVs, and interfere with their isolation. Among these proteins, caseins form micelles of a size comparable to milk EVs, and can thus be co-isolated with EVs. Preliminary steps that affect milk are crucial for EV isolation and impact the purity and abundance of isolated EVs. In the course of our previous works on cow’s milk EVs, we found that sodium citrate (1% final), which is a biocompatible reagent capable of breaking down casein micelles into 40-nm monomers, allowed the isolation of high quantities of EVs with low coprecipitation of caseins or other contaminating proteins. Using this protocol, we successfully separated different EV subsets, characterized in ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 牛奶是一种复杂的流体,其中包含各种类型的蛋白质和细胞外囊泡(EVs),有些蛋白质会与EV混合在一起,并干扰其分离,在这些蛋白质中,酪蛋白形成的胶束大小与牛奶EV相当因此,可以将其与电动汽车共隔离。影响牛奶的初步步骤对于电动汽车的隔离,影响分离电动汽车的纯度和丰度至关重要。在我们以前对牛奶电动汽车的研究过程中,我们发现柠檬酸钠(最终含量为1% )是一种生物相容性试剂,能够将酪蛋白胶束分解为40 nm单体,可分离出大量的EV,而酪蛋白或其他污染蛋白的沉淀率却很低。 EV子集,深入表征其形态,蛋白质含量和小分子RNA富集模式。我们还能够描述其在小鼠肠道炎症模型中的生物学功能。具体来说,是从同一样品中分离出不同乳EV子集的培养基。更具体地说,我们着重介绍了使用柠檬酸钠作为标准化方法来分离和研究乳EV的方法及其在差分超速离心之外的分离技术的潜力。

[背景 ] 在我们以前的出版物(本穆萨等人。,2016 ,2017,2019b和2019c;本穆萨和普罗沃斯特,2019) ,我们强调,牛乳是包含细胞外无数的复杂流体囊泡。(EV)用的子集在这些之中,外泌体是多囊体(MVB)与细胞膜融合时释放的约100 nm囊泡,进行超速离心时,这些沉淀物的离心速度等于或高于100,000 xg (P100K,其中P代表沉淀)(Pieters 等。,2015) ...

Transplantation of Fecal Microbiota Shaped by Diet
Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  Alterations in diet and gut microbial ecology underlie the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, we found high concentrations of bacterial metabolites acetate and butyrate in blood and faeces correlated with protection from disease. We reconstituted germ free (GF) NOD mice with fecal bacteria from protected NOD mice fed with high acetate- and butyrate-yielding diets, to test whether the transferred gut microbiota protect against the development of T1D. GF NOD mice that received a microbiota shaped by high acetate- but not butyrate-yielding diet showed a marked protection against diabetes. This fecal transplantation assay demonstrated the potential for a dietary technology to reshape the gut microbiota that enables specific bacteria to transfer ... [摘要]  饮食和肠道微生物生态学的改变是1型糖尿病(T1D)发病的基础。 在非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠中,我们发现血液和粪便中高浓度的乙酸和丁酸的细菌代谢物与防止疾病相关。 我们使用来自受保护的NOD小鼠的粪便细菌重建无菌(GF)NOD小鼠,饲喂高乙酸盐和丁酸盐产生的饮食,以测试转移的肠道微生物群是否防止T1D的发展。 GF NOD小鼠接受由高乙酸盐但不是丁酸盐产生饮食形成的微生物群显示出对糖尿病的显着保护。 这种粪便移植试验表明,饮食技术可以重塑肠道微生物群,使特定的细菌能够转移对T1D的保护。


【背景】已经在各种各样的疾病和病况中观察到肠道微生物群的变化。由于共生菌和致病菌之间的比例变化,肠道益生菌微生物群体失去了体内平衡。当微生物的组成变化很大时,可以观察到生物异常,某些种类的数量增加或减少(Clemente等,2012; Rajilic-Stojanovic,2013)。此外,肠道微生物群组成(其可能影响代谢物如SCFAs)的变化与许多炎性疾病有关(Clemente等人,2012),包括T1D(de Goffau等人 >,2013; Endesfelder ...

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