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Sterile stainless steel forceps

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: Z168777
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts to Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells by Enforced Expression of Transcription Factors
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Date:
2020-05-20
[Abstract]  Ectopic expression of transcription factor combinations has been recently demonstrated to reprogram differentiated somatic cells towards the dendritic cell (DC) lineage without reversion to a multipotent state. DCs have the ability to induce potent and long-lasting adaptive immune responses. In particular, conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1s) excel on antigen cross-presentation, a critical step for inducing CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses. The rarity of naturally occurring cDC1s and lack of in vitro methodologies for the generation of pure cDC1 populations strongly hinders the study of cDC1 lineage specification and function. Here, we describe a protocol for the generation of induced DCs (iDCs) by lentiviral-mediated expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8 and ... [摘要]  [摘要] 转录因子组合的异位表达最近被证明可以将分化的体细胞重编程为树突状细胞(DC)谱系,而不会回复到多能状态。DC具有诱导有效和持久的适应性免疫应答的能力。在特定的常规类型1的DC(cDC1s)练成抗原交叉呈递,用于诱导CD8的关键步骤+ T细胞的细胞毒性应答。天然存在的cDC1的稀有性和缺乏用于生成纯cDC1群体的体外方法论,严重阻碍了对cDC1谱系规格和功能的研究。在这里,我们描述了用于生成感应DC(iDC)的协议 慢病毒介导的转录因子PU.1,IRF8和BATF3在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中的表达。iDC 在9天内获得DC形态,cDC1表型和转录特征。使用此协议生成的iDC 具有对炎症刺激,吞噬死细胞,将抗原加工并交叉呈递给CD8 + T细胞的功能。DC重新编程提供了一个简单易处理的系统,可以生成大量的cDC1类细胞用于高内涵筛选,从而开辟了新途径,可以更好地了解cDC1的规格和功能。将来,在成纤维细胞中忠实诱导cDC1命运可能会导致产生患者特定的疫苗接种DC。

[背景技术树突状细胞(DC)是专业的抗原呈递细胞,专门用于识别,加工和呈递T细胞抗原,在诱导适应性免疫应答和免疫记忆中起关键作用(Me rad 等,2013)。DC可以分为4个主要子集:浆细胞样DC(pDC ),大量1型干扰素的产生者,循环单核细胞衍生的单核细胞衍生DC 和常规DC(cDC ...

Artificial Inoculation of Epichloë festucae into Lolium perenne, and Visualisation of Endophytic and Epiphyllous Fungal Growth
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Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Natural hosts for the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae include Festuca rubra (fine fescue) and Festuca trachyphylla (hard fescue). Some strains also form stable associations with Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). L. perenne is a suitable host to study fungal endophyte–grass interactions, such as endophytic fungal growth within the plant and epiphyllous growth on the plant surface. Here we provide a detailed protocol based on work by, for artificial inoculation of E. festucae into L. perenne, and newly developed staining and visualization techniques for observing endophytic and epiphyllous hyphae and the expressorium, an appressorium-like structure used by the fungus to exit the plant. The staining method uses a combination of ... [摘要]  真菌内生菌Epichloëfestucae的天然宿主包括 Festuca rubra (细羊茅)和 Festuca trachyphylla (硬羊茅)。一些菌株也与黑麦草(多年生黑麦草)形成稳定的关联。 升。 perenne 是研究真菌内生菌 - 草相互作用的合适宿主,例如植物内生真菌生长和植物表面的叶生生长。在这里,我们提供了一个基于工作的详细协议,用于 E的人工接种。 festucae 进入 L. perenne ,以及新开发的染色和可视化技术,用于观察内生和附生的菌丝和表达菌,这是一种类似真菌的结构,用于离开植物。染色方法使用葡聚糖结合苯胺蓝二铵盐(AB)和几丁质结合小麦胚凝集素缀合的Alexa Fluor ® 488-(WGA-AF488)的组合。该协议将是研究Epichloë -grass相互作用的有用工具,特别是不同Epichloë - 草关联,各种内生菌 - 宿主发育阶段的比较,以及分析突变Epichloë菌株。

【背景】Latch和Christensen(1985)开发了一种用Epichloë内生菌人工感染草的方案。这项工作一直是广泛的 E的基础。 festucae Fl1- L. perenne 共生研究(Scott et al。,2012年综述)。在我们最近的工作中,我们描述了一种新发现的真菌结构,即能够实现 E的表达式。 ...

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