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2.2 ml, Open-Top Thinwall Ultra-Clear tube, 11 x 34 mm

Company: Beckman Coulter
Catalog#: 347356
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Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes to Study the Synapse in the Murine Cerebral Cortex
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

The synapse is a complex structure where the transmission of information takes place. Synaptic dysfunction is one of the earliest pathophysiological events in several diseases, such as traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, a methodology to study synaptic structure and function is crucial for the development of potential strategies for the treatment of many neurological diseases. Synaptoneurosomes (SNs) are structures assembled by the sealed presynaptic bouton and the attached post-synaptic density. Despite the fact that for a long time it has been recognized that SNs are a powerful tool to study synaptic function, composition, and structure, its use has been limited by the requirement of relatively large amounts of material to successfully

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[摘要]  [摘要]突触是一个复杂的结构,在此结构中发生信息的传递。小号ynaptic功能障碍是几种疾病,如脑外伤,脑缺血最早的病理生理活动之一,和神经退行性疾病。因此,研究突触结构和功能的方法学对于开发治疗许多神经系统疾病的潜在策略至关重要。突触神经小体(SN)是由密封的突触前钮扣和附加的突触后密度组装而成的结构。尽管很长一段时间以来,人们已经认识到SN是研究突触功能,组成的强大工具,在结构和结构上,其使用受到成功地隔离它们所需的相对大量材料的限制。在这里,我们描述了在低渗条件下执行的三步离心程序,以从少量大脑皮层中分离出SN。


图形摘要:


突触神经体的制备流程图。


[背景]突触是由连接至突触后终端和突触前布顿组装的结构所包围由星形细胞伸长率(Halassa等人,2007 )。在过去的十年中,见证了许多用于研究其结构和功能的高度复杂的技术的发展。但是,SN仍被大量研究者所使用,因为它们相对容易分离并产生有关突触结构和功能的有价值的信息。SNs的制备是在特定的低渗条件下进行的改良的细胞分离程序,可分离突触前突突和附着的突触后元件。在鉴定的最初阶段,它们被称为无细胞响应制剂,因为它们对激素具有响应(Chasin等,197 4 ;Horn和Phillipson ,1976 ...

Investigating Localization of Chimeric Transporter Proteins within Chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana
Author:
Date:
2018-02-05
[Abstract]  In this protocol, we describe a method to design chimeric proteins for specific targeting to the inner envelope membrane (IEM) of Arabidopsis chloroplasts and the confirmation of their localization by biochemical analysis. Specific targeting to the chloroplast IEM can be achieved by fusing the protein of interest with a transit peptide and an IEM targeting signal. This protocol makes it possible to investigate the localization of chimeric proteins in chloroplasts using a small number of transgenic plants by using a modified method of chloroplast isolation and fractionation. IEM localization of chimeric proteins can be further assessed by trypsin digestion and alkaline extraction. Here, the localization of the chimeric bicarbonate transporter, designated as SbtAII, is detected by ... [摘要]  在这个协议中,我们描述了一种设计嵌合蛋白的方法,用于特异性靶向拟南芥叶绿体的内包膜(IEM)并通过生化分析确定它们的定位。 叶绿体IEM的特异性靶向可通过将感兴趣的蛋白质与转运肽和IEM靶向信号融合来实现。 这个协议使得有可能使用少量的转基因植物,通过使用修改的叶绿体分离和分离方法来研究嵌合蛋白在叶绿体中的定位。 嵌合蛋白的IEM定位可以通过胰蛋白酶消化和碱性提取进一步评估。 在此,称为SbtAII的嵌合碳酸氢根转运蛋白的定位通过使用针对葡萄球菌蛋白A的抗体进行蛋白质印迹来检测。该方案改编自上原等人,2016年


【背景】有人提出将蓝藻CO 2浓度机制整合到叶绿体中是改善C 3+植物光合作用的有希望的方法。 根据理论估计,将BicA和SbtA整合到叶绿体IEM中可以提高光合CO 2固定率。 我们研究了核编码的蓝细菌碳酸氢盐转运蛋白BicA和SbtA与拟南芥叶绿体的IEM的整合。 因此,我们制定了一个协议,设计嵌合构造为特定目标的IEM和调查嵌合蛋白在叶绿体中的定位。

Cell-free Fluorescent Intra-Golgi Retrograde Vesicle Trafficking Assay
Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract]  Intra-Golgi retrograde vesicle transport is used to traffic and sort resident Golgi enzymes to their appropriate cisternal locations. An assay was established to investigate the molecular details of vesicle targeting in a cell-free system. Stable cell lines were generated in which the trans-Golgi enzyme galactosyltransferase (GalT) was tagged with either CFP or YFP. Given that GalT is recycled to the cisterna where it is located at steady state, GalT-containing vesicles target GalT-containing cisternal membranes. Golgi membranes were therefore isolated from GalT-CFP expressing cells, while vesicles were prepared from GalT-YFP expressing ones. Incubating CFP-labelled Golgi with YFP-labelled vesicles in the presence of cytosol and an energy regeneration mixture at 37 °C produced a ... [摘要]  高尔基体内的逆行囊泡运输被用来运送和分类高尔基酶到适当的池内位置。建立了一个检测方法来研究无细胞系统中囊泡靶向的分子细节。生成了稳定的细胞系,其中反式 - 高尔基酶半乳糖基转移酶(GalT)用CFP或YFP标记。考虑到GalT被循环到稳定状态的小池中,含有GalT的囊泡将靶向含有GalT的池内膜。因此从表达GalT-CFP的细胞分离高尔基体膜,而从GalT-YFP表达细胞制备囊泡。在胞质溶胶和能量再生混合物的存在下,在37℃孵育CFP标记的高尔基体和YFP标记的囊泡,与在冰上孵育相比,在混合物的荧光成像后CFP-YFP共定位显着增加。该测定被验证需要能量,蛋白质和生理学重要的运输组分,如Rab GTP酶和保守寡聚体高尔基体系复合物。该测定法可用于调查影响高尔基体运输机器的生理和病理变化,特别是囊泡束缚。

【背景】细胞内囊泡靶向的分子机制对于解释糖基化稳态,神经递质释放,信号受体的调节和营养摄取等方面的解释是重要的(Ungar和Hughson,2003; ...

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