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FormaTM Series II 3110 Water-Jacketed CO2 Incubators

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: FormaTM Series II 3110
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Transcytosis Assay for Transport of Glycosphingolipids across MDCK-II Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  Absorption and secretion of peptide and protein cargoes across single-cell thick mucosal and endothelial barriers occurs by active endocytic and vesicular trafficking that connects one side of the epithelial or endothelial cell (the lumen) with the other (the serosa or blood). Assays that assess this pathway must robustly control for non-specific and passive solute flux through weak or damaged intercellular junctions that seal the epithelial or endothelial cells together. Here we describe an in vitro cell culture Transwell assay for transcytosis of therapeutic peptides linked covalently to various species of the glycosphingolipid GM1. We recently used this assay to develop technology that harnesses endogenous mechanism of lipid sorting across epithelial cell barriers to enable ... [摘要]  单细胞厚粘膜和内皮屏障上的肽和蛋白质货物的吸收和分泌通过活性内吞和囊泡运输发生,其连接上皮细胞或内皮细胞(管腔)的一侧与另一侧(浆膜或血液)。 评估该途径的测定必须通过弱的或受损的细胞间连接强有力地控制非特异性和被动的溶质通量,所述细胞间连接将上皮细胞或内皮细胞密封在一起。 在这里,我们描述了一种体外>细胞培养Transwell测定法,用于与各种鞘糖脂GM1共价连接的治疗性肽的转胞吞作用。 我们最近使用该测定开发了技术,该技术利用跨上皮细胞屏障的脂质分选的内源机制,以实现肽和蛋白质治疗剂的口服递送。

【背景】
大分子穿过覆盖粘膜表面的单细胞厚的上皮屏障和衬在供给心肌和脑的血管的紧密内皮屏障上的运输通过内吞过程发生,该内吞过程将这些极化细胞的一侧与另一侧连接。该过程称为转胞吞作用(Garcia-Castillo et al。>,2017)。通过受体介导的内吞作用和穿过消化道和呼吸道粘膜的囊泡运输的免疫球蛋白的吸收和分泌最着名的是这一过程。对转胞吞作用的兴趣也受到利用该途径在紧密上皮和内皮屏障上递送治疗性肽和蛋白质的潜力的刺激(Thuenauer 等人,>,2017)。

转胞吞作用是一种活跃的(ATP驱动的)过程。在一些情况下,通过细胞间紧密连接在细胞周围被动扩散可以发生大分子跨越紧密上皮和内皮屏障的转运(Fung ...

Retroviral Capsid Core Stability Assay
Author:
Date:
2018-09-20
[Abstract]  Structural stability of the capsid core is a critical parameter for the productive infection of a cell by a retrovirus. Compromised stability can lead to premature core disassembly, exposure of replication intermediates to cytosolic nucleic acid sensors that can trigger innate antiviral responses, and failure to integrate the proviral genome into the host DNA. Thus, core stability is a critical feature of viral replicative fitness. While there are several well-described techniques to assess viral capsid core stability, most are generally time and labor intensive. Recently, our group compared the relative stability of murine leukemia virus capsid cores using an in vitro detergent-based approach combined with ultracentrifugation against the popular fate of capsid assay. We found ... [摘要]  衣壳核心的结构稳定性是逆转录病毒对细胞的生产性感染的关键参数。受损的稳定性可导致核心过早解体,将复制中间体暴露于细胞溶质核酸传感器,其可触发先天的抗病毒反应,并且不能将原病毒基因组整合到宿主DNA中。因此,核心稳定性是病毒复制适应性的关键特征。虽然有几种充分描述的技术来评估病毒衣壳核心稳定性,但大多数通常是时间和劳动密集型的。最近,我们小组使用基于体外洗涤剂的方法结合超速离心法对衣壳测定的流行命运比较了鼠白血病病毒衣壳核心的相对稳定性。我们发现两种方法都得出了类似的结论,尽管第一种方法是比较显示核心稳定性差异的病毒突变体时评估相对衣壳核心稳定性的一种非常简单和快速的方法。

【背景】逆转录病毒已经进化出复制周期,在规避宿主抗病毒反应方面表现优异。逆转录病毒开发的一种策略是将其复制中间体与胞质核酸传感器如cGAS,TREX1,IFI203和DDX41屏蔽起来(Yan et al。,2010; Gao et al。,2013; Lahaye et al。,2013; Stavrou et al。,2015)。在复制过程中,逆转录病毒在细胞质中产生RNA-DNA杂合体和未甲基化的双链前病毒DNA,这是先天免疫传感器的常见靶标(Yan et al。,2010; Gao et al。,2013; Lahaye et ...

Structural Analysis of Target Protein by Substituted Cysteine Accessibility Method
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Substituted Cysteine Accessibility Method (SCAM) is a biochemical approach to investigate the water accessibility or the spatial distance of particular cysteine residues substituted in the target protein. Protein topology and structure can be annotated by labeling with methanethiosulfonate reagents that specifically react with the cysteine residues facing the hydrophilic environment, even within the transmembrane domain. Cysteine crosslinking experiments provide us with information about the distance between two cysteine residues. The combination of these methods enables us to obtain information about the structural changes of the target protein. Here, we describe the detailed protocol for structural analysis using SCAM. [摘要]  取代半胱氨酸可及性方法(SCAM)是一种生物化学方法,用于研究目标蛋白中取代的特定半胱氨酸残基的水可及性或空间距离。蛋白质拓扑和结构可以通过用甲硫代磺酸盐试剂标记来注释,所述甲硫基磺酸盐试剂特异性地与面向亲水环境的半胱氨酸残基反应,甚至在跨膜结构域内。半胱氨酸交联实验为我们提供了关于两个半胱氨酸残基之间距离的信息。这些方法的组合使我们能够获得有关靶蛋白结构变化的信息。在这里,我们描述了使用SCAM进行结构分析的详细协议。

【背景】结构分析提供了关于靶蛋白功能的关键信息。 X射线晶体学和核磁共振已被用作生物学领域中的高分辨率蛋白质结构分析方法。然而,这些方法需要以非常高的浓度从膜中提取的纯化蛋白质用于膜蛋白的结构分析。取代半胱氨酸可及性方法(SCAM)是一种生化方法,用于分析目标蛋白中取代的特定半胱氨酸残基的水可及性和空间距离。使用特异性地与面向亲水环境的半胱氨酸残基反应的甲硫代磺酸盐(MTS)试剂,我们可以注释目标蛋白的拓扑结构和结构。由于标记试剂 N - 生物素氨基乙基甲硫基磺酸盐(MTSEA-生物素)对质膜是不可渗透的(Seal et ...

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