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Magnetic Stirrers

Company: IKA
Catalog#: C-MAG HS 7
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An in vitro DNA Sensor-based Assay to Measure Receptor-specific Adhesion Forces of Eukaryotic Cells and Pathogens
Author:
Date:
2020-09-05
[Abstract]  Motility of eukaryotic cells or pathogens within tissues is mediated by the turnover of specific interactions with other cells or with the extracellular matrix. Biophysical characterization of these ligand-receptor adhesions helps to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving migration. Traction force microscopy or optical tweezers are typically used to measure the cellular forces exerted by cells on a substrate. However, the spatial resolution of traction force microscopy is limited to ~2 µm and performing experiments with optical traps is very time-consuming.

Here we present the production of biomimetic surfaces that enable specific cell adhesion via synthetic ligands and at the same time monitor the transmitted forces by using molecular tension sensors. The ligands were ...
[摘要]  [摘要 ] 组织内真核细胞或病原体的运动性是通过与其他细胞或细胞外基质特异性相互作用的转换来介导的。这些配体-受体粘附的生物物理特征有助于揭示驱动迁移的分子机制。牵引力显微镜或光学镊子通常用于测量细胞在基质上施加的细胞力。但是,牵引力显微镜的空间分辨率仅限于〜2 µm,使用光阱进行实验非常耗时。

在这里,我们介绍了仿生表面的生产,该表面能够通过合成配体实现特定的细胞粘附,同时通过使用分子张力传感器监控传递的力。将配体与双链DNA探针偶联,该探针具有确定的DNA解链力阈值。从而将pN范围内的受体介导力半定量转换为荧光信号,可以通过标准荧光显微镜在分辨率极限(〜0.2 µm)上检测到。

该测定的模块化设计允许改变所呈现的配体和DNA探针的机械强度,这为探测不同的真核细胞类型和病原体的粘附提供了多种可能性,此处以骨肉瘤细胞和伯氏疟原虫子孢子体为例。

[背景 ] 运动细胞和病原体以多种不同方式与环境相互作用(Parsons 等,2010; Nan ,2017; Muthinja 等,2018 )。例如,跨膜受体将单个细胞锚定在其环境中,并使其与其他细胞相互作用(Hynes ,1992)。整联蛋白是将细胞连接到细胞外基质的主要受体,它以双向方式传递力(Schoen et ...

In vitro Chaperone Activity Assay Using α-Amylase as Target Protein
Author:
Date:
2018-06-20
[Abstract]  Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) are stress proteins which are ubiquitously found in almost all living organisms. They function as molecular chaperones, which assist in protein folding during translation and in the prevention of irreversible protein aggregation under denaturing conditions. This protocol describes the use of α-amylase as target protein in assessing the chaperone activity of wild and mutant recombinant small heat shock proteins of Mycobacterium leprae. Chaperone activity of these proteins, along with α-crystallin, a standard sHSP was demonstrated using a new method employing their protective effect against heat denaturation of α-amylase from porcine pancreas. The regained enzymatic activity of the α-amylase was demonstrated on starch agar plates stained with ... [摘要]  小热休克蛋白(sHSP)是在几乎所有生物体中无处不在发现的应激蛋白。 它们作为分子伴侣起作用,这有助于在翻译过程中蛋白质折叠以及在变性条件下预防不可逆的蛋白质聚集。 该协议描述了使用α-淀粉酶作为靶蛋白来评估麻风分枝杆菌的野生和突变重组小热休克蛋白的分子伴侣活性。 这些蛋白质的陪伴分子活性以及标准sHSP的α-晶状体蛋白通过采用其对猪胰α-淀粉酶的热变性的保护作用的新方法被证实。 在用碘 - 碘化钾(I 2 -KI)溶液染色的淀粉琼脂平板上证实α-淀粉酶的重新酶活性。

【背景】热休克蛋白(HSPs)是一组保守的蛋白质,当细胞暴露于外部应激(包括热应激和冷应激)时诱导蛋白质。该组中的大多数成员在功能上与蛋白质折叠和解折叠机制有关。小热休克蛋白(sHSPs)是热休克蛋白的子集,其分子大小为12至43kDa,并且保守的C末端区域称为'α-晶域'。 sHSP通过与部分未折叠的蛋白结合并阻止其完全变性而显示ATP非依赖性分子伴侣活性。有几种用于证明sHSPs的体外伴侣蛋白活性的方法,其使用各种底物蛋白如RuBisCO(Goloubinoff等人,1989),rhodanese(Mendoza等人(Farahbakhsh等,1995),溶菌酶(Rozema和Gellman,1996),苹果酸脱氢酶(Lee等, ...

A Streamlined Method for the Preparation of Gelatin Embedded Brains and Simplified Organization of Sections for Serial Reconstructions
Author:
Date:
2017-11-20
[Abstract]  Gelatin embedding of whole brains for sectioning is a critical procedure used in neuroscience to ensure all morphological and spatial details are preserved intact. Here, we describe an inexpensive, reproducible and efficient means to embed post-fixed brains ready for sectioning in gelatin within a week’s time. The sections obtained are distortion-free and their fragile internal structures preserved which can be used for serial reconstructions for lesion studies and mapping of viral expression after stereotaxic injections. In addition, the separation of adjacent slices into a series of 3-4 vials facilitates subsequent organization and assembly of serial sections at the mounting step. [摘要]  整个脑切片明胶嵌入是神经科学中使用的关键程序,以确保所有的形态和空间的细节保存完好。 在这里,我们描述了一个廉价,可重复和有效的方法来嵌入后固定的大脑准备切片明胶一个星期的时间。 获得的部分是无畸变的,它们的脆弱内部结构被保留下来,可用于系列重建病变研究和立体定位注射后的病毒表达图谱。 此外,将相邻切片分离成3-4个小瓶系列便于在安装步骤中对连续切片进行组织和组装。
【背景】行为神经科学的最新进展已经允许将视蛋白和抗体靶向毒素引入特定亚群的神经元和大脑区域。这些研究通常需要全脑切片的可视化用于组织学和形态学分析,以通过用于行为验证的立体定位注射(Aoki等,,2015)或引言定位细胞类型特异性抗体靶向毒素诱导的损伤的病毒递送转基因(Aquili等人,2014)。利用狂犬病病毒(Suzuki等人,2012)对神经元回路进行了详细的绘图,并且使用明胶作为包埋剂实现了连续切片的定位调查,所述包埋剂作为组织内和周围的结构基质。明胶浸渍的脑组织提供了加强的支持精致的内部结构,如海马和脑室空间,这是容易损坏免疫组织化学(IHC)处理和随后安装到幻灯片上。嵌入式脑切片在安装时通常也不会变形,并且可以将相邻切片用于连续重建。

凝胶嵌入和IHC处理后的质量取决于几个程序性的细节,这可能是乏味和耗时的。在先前公开的方案中,明胶向脑和心室空间的适当渗透和渗透需要真空烘箱(Griffioen等,1992)。此外,将大脑嵌入小模具中是具有挑战性的,因为大脑具有漂浮的趋势。另外,在连续重构的IHC处理之后识别和定向相邻切片可能是艰巨的。 ...

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