| Characterization of Hippocampal Adult-borne Granule Cells in a Transient Cerebral Ischemia Model
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Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract] Long-term consequences of stroke significantly impair the quality of life in a growing population of stroke survivors. Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive and neuropsychiatric long-term sequelae of stroke. Reliable animal models of stroke are paramount to understanding their biomechanisms and to advancing therapeutic strategies. We present a detailed protocol of a transient cerebral ischemia model which does not cause direct ischemic damage in the hippocampus, allowing investigations into the pathophysiology of long-term neurocognitive deficits of stroke. Furthermore, we describe a protocol for obtaining acute hippocampal slices for the purpose of electrophysiological and morphological characterization of adult-borne ...
[摘要] [摘要]中风的长期后果严重损害了越来越多的中风幸存者的生活质量。假定海马成年神经发生在中风的认知和神经精神病学长期后遗症的病理生理学中起作用。可靠的中风动物模型对于理解其生物机制和推进治疗策略至关重要。我们提出 暂时性脑缺血模型的详细协议，该模型不会在海马体中引起直接缺血损伤，从而可以研究中风的长期神经认知缺陷的病理生理学。此外，我们描述了一种用于获取成人海马颗粒细胞的电生理学和形态学特征的急性海马切片的协议。还讨论了与从小细胞（例如未成熟的成年颗粒细胞）进行电生理记录有关的特殊性。本协议可以通过多模式研究（行为，形态结构，生化）加以补充，以期有希望促进研究和中风的长期后遗症的发展以及发现新的治疗机会。
[背景]中风是在发达国家发病率和死亡率的重要原因引起急性和延迟赤字。虽然针对缺血性中风恢复血流的干预策略在降低急性发病率和死亡率方面已经变得更加有效，但中风的长期后果（如中风后抑郁和中风后认知功能障碍和痴呆症）目前正在逃避临床治疗（Wang等。，2010; Loubinoux等人，2012; Mijajlovic ...
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| Transplantation of Fecal Microbiota Shaped by Diet
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Author:
Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract] Alterations in diet and gut microbial ecology underlie the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, we found high concentrations of bacterial metabolites acetate and butyrate in blood and faeces correlated with protection from disease. We reconstituted germ free (GF) NOD mice with fecal bacteria from protected NOD mice fed with high acetate- and butyrate-yielding diets, to test whether the transferred gut microbiota protect against the development of T1D. GF NOD mice that received a microbiota shaped by high acetate- but not butyrate-yielding diet showed a marked protection against diabetes. This fecal transplantation assay demonstrated the potential for a dietary technology to reshape the gut microbiota that enables specific bacteria to transfer ...
[摘要] 饮食和肠道微生物生态学的改变是1型糖尿病（T1D）发病的基础。 在非肥胖糖尿病（NOD）小鼠中，我们发现血液和粪便中高浓度的乙酸和丁酸的细菌代谢物与防止疾病相关。 我们使用来自受保护的NOD小鼠的粪便细菌重建无菌（GF）NOD小鼠，饲喂高乙酸盐和丁酸盐产生的饮食，以测试转移的肠道微生物群是否防止T1D的发展。 GF NOD小鼠接受由高乙酸盐但不是丁酸盐产生饮食形成的微生物群显示出对糖尿病的显着保护。 这种粪便移植试验表明，饮食技术可以重塑肠道微生物群，使特定的细菌能够转移对T1D的保护。
【背景】已经在各种各样的疾病和病况中观察到肠道微生物群的变化。由于共生菌和致病菌之间的比例变化，肠道益生菌微生物群体失去了体内平衡。当微生物的组成变化很大时，可以观察到生物异常，某些种类的数量增加或减少（Clemente等，2012; Rajilic-Stojanovic，2013）。此外，肠道微生物群组成（其可能影响代谢物如SCFAs）的变化与许多炎性疾病有关（Clemente等人，2012），包括T1D（de Goffau等人 >，2013; Endesfelder ...
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