{{'Search' | translate}}
 

Tabletop centrifuge

Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: 5418000017
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

Efficient Transient Gene Knock-down in Tobacco Plants Using Carbon Nanocarriers
Author:
Date:
2021-01-05
[Abstract]  Gene knock-down in plants is a useful approach to study genotype-phenotype relationships, render disease resistance to crops, and enable efficient biosynthesis of molecules in plants. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing is one of the most common ways to achieve gene knock-down in plants. Traditionally, siRNA is delivered into intact plant cells by coding the siRNA sequences into DNA vectors, which are then delivered through viral and/or bacterial methods. In this protocol, we provide an alternative direct delivery method of siRNA molecules into intact plant cells for efficient transient gene knock-down in model tobacco plant, Nicotiana benthamiana, leaves. Our approach uses one dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), to ... [摘要]  [摘要]植物基因敲低是研究基因型与表型关系,提高作物对病害的抵抗力以及实现植物分子高效生物合成的有用方法。小干扰RNA(siRNA)介导的基因沉默是在植物中实现基因敲低的最常见方法之一。传统上,通过将siRNA序列编码到DNA载体中,将siRNA传递到完整的植物细胞中,然后通过病毒和/或细菌方法传递。在这个协议中,我们提供的siRNA分子的替代直接递送方法为完整的植物细胞的高效瞬时根Ë击倒在模型的烟草植物,烟草本塞姆氏烟草,叶子。我们的方法使用一维碳基纳米材料,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)来传递siRNA,而不依赖于病毒/细菌的传递。我们方法的独特优势在于:i )不需要对siRNA序列进行DNA编码; ii)与非生物方法相比,这种非生物方法可在更广泛的植物物种中起作用,并且iii)使用非生物递送时,调节并发症更少方法,其中基因沉默是瞬时的,而无需对植物基因组进行永久性修饰。

图形摘要:

图形抽象标题

[背景技术[ 0002 ]在1990年代初,植物研究人员研究矮牵牛花的着色发现了通过RNA干扰(RNAi)引起的基因沉默(Van der ...

Analysis of Gram-negative Bacteria Peptidoglycan by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography
Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract]  Bacteria are surrounded by a protective peptidoglycan cell wall. Provided that this structure and the enzymes involved are the preferred target for our most successful antibiotics, determining its structural and chemical complexity is of the highest interest. Traditionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses have been performed, but these methods are very time consuming in terms of sample preparation and chromatographic separation. Here we describe an optimized method for preparation of Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycan and its subsequent analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The use of UPLC in peptidoglycan analyses provides a dramatic reduction of the sample volume and hands-on time required and, furthermore, permits in-line mass spectrometry ... [摘要]  [摘要]细菌被保护性肽聚糖细胞壁包围。如果这种结构和涉及的酶是我们最成功的抗生素的首选靶标,那么确定其结构和化学复杂性便是最重要的。传统上,已经进行了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,但是这些方法在样品制备和色谱分离方面非常耗时。在这里我们描述了一种优化的制备方法 革兰氏阴性细菌肽聚糖及其随后的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)分析。在肽聚糖分析中使用UPLC可以大大减少所需的样品量和动手时间,此外,还可以对U PLC解析的多肽进行在线质谱(MS),从而有助于对其进行鉴定。这种方法提高了我们执行高通量分析以更好地了解细胞壁生物学的能力。

[背景]细菌由肽聚糖(PG)的细胞壁所包围,除了到结构的作用,传达细胞形状和保护细菌免受外部损害,作为抗生物,化学屏障iCal和物理应力。murein囊或PG是细胞壁的主要成分。革兰氏阴性细菌在周质空间中呈现单层(Gan等,2008),而它构成了一个厚的网状结构,在革兰氏阳性细菌中具有多个堆积和交联的层(Pasquina-Lemonche等,2020)。Ť他细胞壁是交联的聚糖链的三维网状结构包围所述电池主体(Glauner等人,1988; Typas ...

RNA Stability Measurements Using RT-qPCR in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Author:
Date:
2020-07-20
[Abstract]  Steady-state mRNA levels are determined by both the rates of transcription and degradation. Regulation of mRNA stability and/or degradation are key factors that can significantly affect mRNA levels and its biological functions. mRNA stability can be measured indirectly after transcription inhibition. This protocol described a rapid and sensitive method of mRNA stability measurement through quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) after inhibition of RNA transcription by cordycepin in Arabidopsis seedlings. [摘要]  [摘要] 稳态mRNA的水平取决于转录和降解的速率。mRNA稳定性和/或降解的调节是可以显着影响mRNA水平及其生物学功能的关键因素。mRNA的稳定性可以在转录抑制后间接测量。该协议描述了通过拟南芥幼苗中的虫草素抑制RNA转录后,通过定量逆转录PCR(RT-qPCR)进行mRNA稳定性测定的快速灵敏方法。

[背景] mRNA稳定性的调控是基因表达调控的关键控制点。mRNA的稳定性对基因表达,分子和细胞表型,以及最终对植物发育,防御和其他生物过程都具有深远的影响。多种方法,例如RNA印迹分析,原位杂交,可用于测量转录抑制后的mRNA稳定性。在此协议中,我们描述了一种快速灵敏的方法,通过虫草素抑制转录后,通过RT-qPCR测量mRNA的稳定性。虫草素或3'-脱氧腺苷是腺苷类似物(参见参考文献2 )。可以将3'-脱氧腺苷掺入RNA,并由于3'位置不存在羟基部分而抑制转录延伸和RNA合成(参见参考文献6 )。我们已经成功地使用了这种方便而灵敏的方法来测量拟南芥幼苗中几种低丰度mRNA 的稳定性,包括初级microRNA转录本(Jia 等,2017)。在这里,我们用详细的实验程序和数据分析方法介绍该协议。

Comments