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Company: Eppendorf
Catalog#: 30120094
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Automated Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Motile Cilia Properties in The Central Canal of Zebrafish Embryos
Author:
Date:
2021-03-05
[Abstract]  

Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role during development. In zebrafish embryo, the flow of CSF has been found to be bidirectional in the central canal of the spinal cord. In order to compare conditions and genetic mutants across each other, we recently automated the quantification of the velocity profile of exogenous fluorescent particles in the CSF. We demonstrated that the beating of motile and tilted cilia localized on the ventral side of the central canal was sufficient to generate locally such bidirectionality. Our approach can easily be extended to characterize CSF flow in various genetic mutants. We provide here a detailed protocol and a user interface program to quantify CSF dynamics. In order to interpret potential changes in CSF flow profiles, we

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[摘要]  [摘要]脑脊液(CSF)的循环在发育过程中起着重要的作用。在斑马鱼胚胎中,已发现脑脊液在脊髓中央管中是双向流动的。为了相互比较条件和遗传突变体,我们最近自动化了CSF中外源性荧光颗粒速度分布的定量。我们证明了位于中央管腹侧的运动性和倾斜纤毛的跳动足以产生局部这种双向性。我们的方法可以很容易地扩展以表征各种遗传突变体中的脑脊液流动。我们在此提供详细的协议和用户界面程序,以量化CSF动态。为了解释CSF流量曲线中的潜在变化,我们提供了其他工具来测量中央管直径,表征纤毛动力学并将实验数据与我们的理论模型进行比较,以评估纤毛对在中央管中产生体积力的影响。我们的方法也可用于测量体内的粒子速度并在各种生物溶液中模拟流量。

[背景]在斑马鱼胚胎中,从受精后24小时(hpf)开始在脊髓中央管中观察到脑脊液(CSF)的流动(Sternberg等,2018 ; Cantaut-Belarif等,2018 )和更高版本。延伸到脑室(Olstad等人,2019)。在胚胎中央管中,CSF双向流动:朝向腹侧的尾巴和朝向背侧的头(Sternberg等人,2018; Cantaut-Belarif等人,2018; Thouvenin等人,2020)。这种双向性是由极化活动性纤毛的跳动引起的,该纤毛主要在中央管的腹侧区域中活动,从而驱动腹侧区域中的流体向尾端定向运动,并在背侧区域产生逆流。 ...

Immuno-electrophysiology on Neuromuscular Junctions of Drosophila Third Instar Larva
Author:
Date:
2021-02-05
[Abstract]  

Alterations in synaptic transmission are critical early events in neuromuscular disorders. However, reliable methodologies to analyze the functional organization of the neuromuscular synapses are still needed. This manuscript provides a detailed protocol to analyze the molecular assembly of the neuromuscular synapses through immune-electrophysiology in Drosophila melanogaster. This technique allows the quantification of the molecular behavior of the neuromuscular synapses by correlating the structural configuration of the synaptic boutons with their electrical activity.

[摘要]  [摘要]突触传递的改变是神经肌肉疾病的关键早期事件。但是,仍然需要可靠的方法来分析神经肌肉突触的功能组织。此马努脚本提供了详细的协议,通过在免疫电分析神经肌肉突触的分子组装果蝇黑腹果蝇。该技术通过使突触钮扣的结构构型与其电活动相关联,可以量化神经肌肉突触的分子行为。


[背景]果蝇三龄幼虫的神经肌肉接头(NMJ)的功能组织在研究突触形成和功能的分子机制方面具有突出的优势(Feiguin等,2009 ; Godena等,2011; Romano等。(2014年和2015年;Strah等人,2020年),它在包括人类在内的其他物种中似乎是保守的。在这方面,果蝇NMJs的解剖组织是由多个突触钮扣构成的,这些突触钮扣是在运动轴突的最终乔木形成的。这些结构的分化和维持负责骨骼肌的神经支配,并暗示不同分子的协调作用,专门用于建立细胞接触以及释放,接收和整合神经递质信号传导所需的机制。此外,在果蝇中开发的功能强大的遗传工具以及神经系统对单个神经元的解剖学解析,提供了难得的机会,可以在可区分细胞的组织中进行全基因组范围的分子表型无偏搜索。尽管果蝇已经存在可视化神经肌肉突触建立的单独协议(Sabeva和Bykhovskaia,2017 ; Goel等人,2019 ...

Analysis of Gram-negative Bacteria Peptidoglycan by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography
Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract]  Bacteria are surrounded by a protective peptidoglycan cell wall. Provided that this structure and the enzymes involved are the preferred target for our most successful antibiotics, determining its structural and chemical complexity is of the highest interest. Traditionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses have been performed, but these methods are very time consuming in terms of sample preparation and chromatographic separation. Here we describe an optimized method for preparation of Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycan and its subsequent analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The use of UPLC in peptidoglycan analyses provides a dramatic reduction of the sample volume and hands-on time required and, furthermore, permits in-line mass spectrometry ... [摘要]  [摘要]细菌被保护性肽聚糖细胞壁包围。如果这种结构和涉及的酶是我们最成功的抗生素的首选靶标,那么确定其结构和化学复杂性便是最重要的。传统上,已经进行了高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析,但是这些方法在样品制备和色谱分离方面非常耗时。在这里我们描述了一种优化的制备方法 革兰氏阴性细菌肽聚糖及其随后的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)分析。在肽聚糖分析中使用UPLC可以大大减少所需的样品量和动手时间,此外,还可以对U PLC解析的多肽进行在线质谱(MS),从而有助于对其进行鉴定。这种方法提高了我们执行高通量分析以更好地了解细胞壁生物学的能力。

[背景]细菌由肽聚糖(PG)的细胞壁所包围,除了到结构的作用,传达细胞形状和保护细菌免受外部损害,作为抗生物,化学屏障iCal和物理应力。murein囊或PG是细胞壁的主要成分。革兰氏阴性细菌在周质空间中呈现单层(Gan等,2008),而它构成了一个厚的网状结构,在革兰氏阳性细菌中具有多个堆积和交联的层(Pasquina-Lemonche等,2020)。Ť他细胞壁是交联的聚糖链的三维网状结构包围所述电池主体(Glauner等人,1988; Typas ...

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