| Long-term Devocalization of Zebra Finches
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract] Songbirds, such as the zebra finch, are a popular animal model for studying the neural basis of vocal and complex skill learning. Adult male zebra finches produce courtship song toward females (referred to as ‘directed song’) and recording and analyzing sounds of directed song along with underlying neural activity is important for investigating behavioral and neural mechanisms of song production and learning. However, recording of directed song is easily contaminated by calls that are often as loud as directed songs and frequently produced by a female bird is presented in the same sound-recording chamber to elicit directed song. We developed a new surgical procedure to relatively easily and almost completely devocalize female zebra finches semi-permanently, without affecting other ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 鸣禽（例如斑马雀科）是一种流行的动物模型，用于研究声音和复杂技能学习的神经基础。成年男性斑马雀对女性产生求爱歌曲（被称为“定向歌曲”），记录和分析定向歌曲的声音以及潜在的神经活动对于调查歌曲产生和学习的行为和神经机制很重要。然而，定向歌曲的记录容易被通常与定向歌曲一样响亮并且通常由雌鸟产生的呼叫污染在同一录音室中以引起定向歌曲。我们开发了一个新的 外科手术程序可以相对轻松地，几乎完全消除半永久性地消除雌性斑马雀，而不会影响其他行为。此程序使研究人员可以录制定向歌曲，几乎不会受到女性呼叫的污染。该程序也可以用来消除雄鸟的声音，因此，对于各种实验目的，例如长期消除雄鸟唱歌过程中的听觉反馈，具有很大的潜力。
[背景 ] 正如人类婴儿学习与成人产生复杂的语音声音，年轻的鸣禽学习产生复杂发声（即在发展的关键时期，从成年导师，歌曲）。由于生命科学研究中的普通动物模型（例如小鼠和猴子）不表现出声音学习，因此鸣禽为研究声音学习的神经基础（人类语言获取的重要要素）提供了绝佳的机会（Doupe和Kuhl，1999； Bolhuis 等）等人，2010）。此外，鸟类的鸣叫学习严重依赖于神经节- 丘脑- ...
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| Co-culture of Murine Neurons Using a Microfluidic Device for The Study of Tau Misfolding Propagation
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Author:
Date:
2020-08-20
[Abstract] The deposition of misfolded, aggregated tau protein is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed “tauopathies”. Tau pathology spreads throughout the brain along connected pathways in a prion-like manner. The process of tau pathology propagation across circuits is a focus of intense research and has been investigated in vivo in human post-mortem brain and in mouse models of the diseases, in vitro in diverse cellular systems including primary neurons, and in cell free assays using purified recombinant tau protein. Here we describe a protocol that takes advantage of a minimalistic neuronal circuit arrayed within a microfluidic device to follow the propagation of tau misfolding from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron. This assay allows ...
[摘要] [摘要] 错折叠的聚集性tau蛋白的沉积是几种神经退行性疾病的标志，统称为“ tauopathies”。Tau病理以a病毒样方式沿着连接的路径在整个大脑中传播。tau病理学在整个电路中传播的过程是一项深入研究的重点，并且已在人体死后大脑和疾病小鼠模型中进行了体内研究，在包括原代神经元在内的各种细胞系统中进行了体外研究，并使用纯化的重组tau蛋白。在这里，我们描述了一种协议，该协议利用微流控设备中排列的简约神经元回路来跟踪tau错折叠从突触前神经元向突触后神经元的传播。该方法允许高分辨率成像以及释放和接收神经元的单独操作，因此有利于研究tau和其他错折叠蛋白的体外繁殖。
[背景 ] 错折叠的蛋白质在整个大脑中的传播是病理学在多种神经退行性疾病中传播的基础，包括阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏症和Pri病毒病（Goedert 等人，2010；Davis 等人，2018； Hallinan 等人，2019a ）。了解潜在机制可能有助于限制疾病进展，因此是深入研究的领域。存在几种体内和体外测定法来监测该过程，包括对过度表达的突变型人tau产生神经变性的小鼠模型（Allen 等人，2002; Ramsden 等人，2005; Santa Cruz 等人，2005; Gibbons 等人。等人，2017）。体外模型包括表达可监测聚集的生物传感器的细胞系（Kfoury ...
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| A Blood-retina Barrier Permeability Assay in Young Mice Using Sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin Perfusion
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Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract] Brain and retinal vasculatures exhibit restricted vascular permeability known as blood-brain barrier and blood-retina barrier. Vascular permeability can be evaluated by perfusion of the amine reactive ester derivatives of biotin such as sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin. This protocol describes experimental procedures of sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin perfusion to evaluate retinal vascular permeability. Perfused sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin remained within vessels in wild-type postnatal day 15 (P15) retinas, confirming an intact blood-retina barrier. In contrast, sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin was occasionally detected in extravascular spaces in perfused Eogt−/− retinas suggesting a partly impaired vascular integrity in the absence of Eogt (Sawaguchi et al., 2017).
[摘要] 脑和视网膜脉管系统表现出受限的血管通透性，称为血脑屏障和血 - 视网膜屏障。 血管通透性可以通过灌注生物素的胺反应性酯衍生物如磺基-NHS-LC-生物素来评估。 该方案描述了磺基-NHS-LC-生物素灌注的实验程序，以评估视网膜血管通透性。 灌注的磺基-NHS-LC-生物素保留在野生型出生后第15天（P15）视网膜的血管内，证实了完整的血 - 视网膜屏障。 相比之下，在灌注的 Eogt - / - >视网膜中，偶尔会在血管外空间检测到磺基-NHS-LC-生物素，这表明在没有的情况下血管完整性部分受损。 Eogt >（Sawaguchi et al。>，2017）。
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