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Drummond Scientific Pipet-Aid® Portable XP w/110 V recharger

Company: Drummond Scientific
Catalog#: 4-000-100
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Intracellular and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Measurement in Primary Cultured Neurons
Author:
Date:
2018-06-05
[Abstract]  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive oxygen containing molecules. ROS consist of radical oxygen species including superoxide anion (O2•−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) and non-radical oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (O2). ROS are generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, environmental stresses including UV or heat exposure, and cellular responses to xenobiotics (Ray et al., 2012). Excessive ROS production over cellular antioxidant capacity induces oxidative stress which results in harmful effects such as cell and tissue damage. Sufficient evidence suggests that oxidative stresses are involved in cancers, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases including ... [摘要]  活性氧物质(ROS)是化学活性的含氧分子。 ROS由自由基氧物种组成,包括超氧化物阴离子(O2-)和羟基自由基(·OH)以及非自由基氧物种如过氧化氢(H

【背景】ROS对维持我们体内的稳态很重要(Brieger等人,2012年)。许多疾病如癌症,神经退行性疾病,心血管疾病和糖尿病与ROS有关(Datta等人,2000)。由ROS引起的DNA损伤是加速癌变过程的主要原因,并且已经积极开发靶向ROS的治疗剂(Trachootham等人,2009)。在循环系统中,异常的氧化应激增加ROS的产生,导致各种心血管疾病(Forstermann,2008)。与糖尿病有关的信号对ROS敏感,并且由异常水平ROS引起的这些信号异常导致糖尿病并发症(Baek等人,2017)。控制大脑中的ROS水平是最重要的活动之一,因为异常水平的ROS会导致多种脑部疾病。被称为阿尔茨海默病重要因素的淀粉状蛋白β导致脑中过量的ROS生成,神经元损伤(Singh等,2011),最终导致痴呆(Polidori,2004)。由活性氧产生的活性小胶质细胞分泌各种细胞因子导致神经元死亡(Heneka等人,2014)。

ROS是由线粒体中消耗的一小部分氧产生的。线粒体中产生的ROS的主要种类是超氧化物阴离子,它是电子传递链的副产物(Batandier等人,2002)。为了检测线粒体中的超氧化物,使用MitoSOX红色,线粒体超氧化物指示剂。由于三苯基鏻基团带正电,MitoSOX红可以有效地穿透磷脂双分子层,并积聚在线粒体基质中。此外,MitoSOX红的氢化乙啶可使研究人员区分超氧化物介导的氧化产物与其他非特异性信号产生的荧光信号(Robinson等人,2006; ...

An Improved Method for Measuring Chromatin-binding Dynamics Using Time-dependent Formaldehyde Crosslinking
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  Formaldehyde crosslinking is widely used in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to measure the locations along DNA and relative levels of transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions in vivo. However, the measurements that are typically made do not provide unambiguous information about the dynamic properties of these interactions. We have developed a method to estimate binding kinetic parameters from time-dependent formaldehyde crosslinking data, called crosslinking kinetics (CLK) analysis. Cultures of yeast cells are crosslinked with formaldehyde for various periods of time, yielding the relative ChIP signal at particular loci. We fit the data using the mass-action CLK model to extract kinetic parameters of the TF-chromatin interaction, including the on- and ... [摘要]  甲醛交联广泛用于与染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)相结合来测量沿着DNA的相对位置以及转录因子(TF)-DNA相互作用的体内相对水平。但是,通常所做的测量不能提供关于这些交互的动态属性的明确信息。我们已经开发了一种方法来评估来自时间依赖性甲醛交联数据的结合动力学参数,称为交联动力学(CLK)分析。酵母细胞的培养物与甲醛交联不同的时间段,在特定位点产生相对的ChIP信号。我们使用质量作用CLK模型来拟合数据,以提取TF-染色质相互作用的动力学参数,包括开关速率和交联速率。从停车费和停车费中我们可以获得停车和停车时间。以下方案是该方法的第二次迭代,CLKv2,更新了改进的交联和淬火条件,更多关于交联速率的信息以及对观察到的动力学模型建模的系统程序。已应用CLKv2分析来研究TATA结合蛋白(TBP)和其他TF的选定子集的结合行为。该协议使用酵母细胞开发,但也可适用于来自其他生物体的细胞。

【背景】转录起始是一个复杂的过程,涉及染色质化启动子上数十种蛋白的协作和协调相互作用(Kim等人,2005; Encode Consortium,2012; Rhee等人, ,2012; Dowen等人,2014年)。许多研究已经研究了体外核心转录机器的组装和调控(Zawel和Reinberg,1992; Conaway和Conaway,1993; Roeder,1996; ...

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