| Identification of Natural Hybrids by SSR Markers in Mussaenda
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Author:
Date:
2016-07-05
[Abstract] Detection of natural hybrids is of great significance for plant taxonomy, reproductive biology, and population genetic studies. Compared with methods depending on morphological characters, molecular markers provide reliable and much more accurate results. This protocol describes approaches employing microsatellite (SSR) markers to identify inter-specific hybrids in Mussaenda (Rubiaceae).
[摘要] 自然杂交的检测对植物分类学，生殖生物学和群体遗传学研究具有重要意义。 与依赖于形态特征的方法相比，分子标记提供可靠和更准确的结果。 该协议描述了采用微卫星（SSR）标记来鉴定Mussaenda（茜草科）中的特异性杂交体的方法。
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| Primer Extension Analysis of HBV DNA with Strand-Specific Primers
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Author:
Date:
2015-08-05
[Abstract] We performed primer extension assay to determine which steps of HBV DNA synthesis (i.e., minus- and plus-strand DNA synthesis and circularization of RC DNA) are affected by phosphoacceptor site mutations in C protein. In these experiments, we used several specific oligonucleotide primers. For quantitation, the level of extended DNA (ED) was normalized to the level of a single internal standard (IS) DNA.
[摘要] 我们进行引物延伸测定以确定HBV DNA合成的哪些步骤（即，负链和正链DNA合成和RC DNA的环化）受C蛋白中的磷酸受体位点突变的影响。 在这些实验中，我们使用几种特异性寡核苷酸引物。 为了定量，将延伸DNA（ED）的水平标准化为单个内标（IS）DNA的水平。
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| Biotinylation of Cell Surface Proteins
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Author:
Date:
2012-05-05
[Abstract] Membrane proteins are major sensors of extracellular stimuli and initiators of intracellular signal transduction, and their abundance on the cell surface in particular is often dynamically regulated even when there are no significant changes of their total abundance in a cell. This protocol is designed to biochemically label and separate membrane proteins on the plasma membrane from those in the intracellular compartments. In conjunction with co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis, functional analysis of dynamic interaction of membrane proteins with other membrane proteins or intracellular adaptor and effector proteins can be achieved.
[摘要] 膜蛋白是胞外刺激和细胞内信号转导的启动子的主要传感器，并且它们在细胞表面上的丰度特别是经常动态调节，即使当它们在细胞中的总丰度没有显着变化时。 该协议设计为生物化学标记和分离质膜上的膜蛋白与细胞内区室中的膜蛋白。 结合共免疫沉淀和蛋白质印迹分析，可以实现膜蛋白与其他膜蛋白或细胞内接头和效应子蛋白的动态相互作用的功能分析。
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