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Hemocytometer

Company: Bright-Line
Catalog#: Z359629
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Activation of Fibroblast Contractility via Cell-Cell Interactions and Soluble Signals
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Date:
2018-09-20
[Abstract]  The collagen contraction assay is an in vitro, three-dimensional method to determine the factor(s) affecting the contractile behavior of activated cells such as fibroblasts in either physiological or pathological scenarios. The collagen lattices/hydrogels are seeded with fibroblasts to mimic the interactions between these cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix proteins in the connective tissue. This method is an important platform to assess components as potential therapeutic targets to prevent pathologies such as fibrosis, which are manifestations of hyperactivated fibroblasts. We have described a basic version of this collagen contraction assay, which is amenable to customization using different cell types under diverse experimental conditions. [摘要]  胶原收缩测定是体外三维方法,用于确定影响生理或病理场景中活化细胞如成纤维细胞的收缩行为的因子。 胶原蛋白晶格/水凝胶用成纤维细胞接种,以模拟这些细胞与其周围细胞外基质蛋白在结缔组织中的相互作用。 该方法是评估组分作为潜在治疗靶标的重要平台,以预防纤维化等病症,这些病症是过度活化的成纤维细胞的表现。 我们已经描述了这种胶原收缩测定的基本版本,其适于在不同实验条件下使用不同细胞类型进行定制。

【背景】细胞外基质的组织收缩和重塑是许多生理条件(例如伤口愈合)中的基本过程。这两种现象的核心是成纤维细胞,它不仅产生和分泌细胞外基质蛋白,而且还可以通过机械相互作用重组它们。有趣的是,这些细胞行为通常在诸如纤维化的病理条件下被夸大(Desmoulière et al。,2005),从而说明需要理解这些过程的分子调节。虽然人们早就知道,胶原蛋白是细胞外基质的主要成分之一,是组织收缩的主要参与者(Bell et al。,1979),对机械细节的透彻理解。这个过程仍然难以捉摸。对体外成纤维细胞胶原基质体外收缩的研究使研究人员能够识别导致组织收缩的新型运动员(Ngo et al。,2006; Su and Chen, 2015年)。基于该测定,可溶性因子如TGFβ(Levi-Schaffer 等,1999)和免疫细胞(Garbuzenko et al。,2002; ...

Investigating Neural Stem Cell and Glioma Stem Cell Self-renewal Potential Using Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis (ELDA)
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Glioma stem cells (GSC) grown as neurospheres exhibit similar characteristics to neural stem cells (NSC) grown as neurospheres, including the ability to self-renew and differentiate. GSCs are thought to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Self-renewal potential of GSCs is thought to reflect many characteristics associated with malignancy, including tumor recurrence following cytotoxic therapy due to their proliferative dormancy and capacity to allow for the development of resistant tumor cell sub-clones due to mutations acquired during their differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that using extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA), subtle differences in the frequency of sphere-forming potential between PI3K-mutant oncogenic NSCs and non-oncogenic NSCs can be measured, in ... [摘要]  作为神经球生长的神经胶质干细胞(GSC)表现出与作为神经球生长的神经干细胞(NSC)相似的特征,包括自我更新和分化的能力。 GSC被认为在癌症的发生和发展中起作用。 GSC的自我更新潜力被认为反映了与恶性肿瘤相关的许多特征,包括细胞毒性治疗后的肿瘤复发,这是由于它们的增殖性休眠和由于在其分化期间获得的突变而允许产生抗性肿瘤细胞亚克隆的能力。在这里,我们证明使用极限稀释分析(ELDA),可以测量PI3K-突变致癌NSCs和非致癌NSCs之间的球形成潜力频率的细微差异体外。我们进一步展示了ELDA如何在强制分化之前和之后用于细胞,以放大突变体和对照NSCs之间的球形成潜力的固有差异。最终,ELDA利用单个或少数种子干细胞自我更新,分裂和形成神经球的能力差异。重要的是,该测定还允许在不同条件下在遗传上不同的细胞之间或相同细胞之间进行比较,其中可以测试靶特异性药物或其他新型癌症干细胞疗法的影响。

【背景】胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是最常见的脑癌之一,预后极差(Kaye和Morokoff,2014)。 ...

Nuclear Transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by Electroporation
Author:
Date:
2018-05-05
[Abstract]  The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an important model organism for studying photosynthesis, acclimation to abiotic stress, cilia biology, and many other biological processes. Many molecular biology tools exist for interrogating gene function including the ability to easily transform the nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas. While technical advances such as TALENs, ZFNs and CRISPR are making it easier to precisely edit the nuclear genome, the efficiency of such methods in Chlamydomonas is at present very low. In contrast, random insertion by nuclear transformation tends to be a much more efficient process. This protocol describes a method for transformation of the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome by electroporation. The protocol requires at ... [摘要]  单细胞绿藻莱茵衣藻是研究光合作用,适应非生物胁迫,纤毛生物学和许多其他生物过程的重要模式生物。 许多分子生物学工具用于询问基因功能,包括轻松转化衣藻的核基因组的能力。 虽然TALENs,ZFNs和CRISPR等技术进步正在使精确编辑核基因组变得更加容易,但此类方法在衣原体中的效率目前非常低。 相反,通过核转变随机插入往往是一个更有效的过程。 该协议描述了通过电穿孔转化衣原体核基因组的方法。 该协议需要至少3天的工作,并通常导致1-2周内出现小菌落。

【背景】众多的分子,遗传和基因组资源使得莱茵衣藻(以下简称衣衣属)成为研究各种生物过程的优秀模式生物。已经开发了许多技术来改变衣藻核,叶绿体和线粒体,包括粒子轰击(Boynton等,1988),玻璃珠转化(Kindle,1990)和电穿孔(Shimogawara等人,1998)。核衣壳菌可通过将衣藻暴露于物理或化学诱变剂(例如紫外线或甲磺酸乙酯)而产生,但通常通过随机插入诱变转基因DNA而获得。由于衣藻核转化的同源重组效率非常低(Zorin等人,2009; Jinkerson和Jonikas,2015),转化的DNA通常整合到核基因组随机位点。存在许多用于随后鉴定异位DNA的插入位点的技术,包括经典遗传作图(Rymarquis等人,2005),TAIL-PCR(Dent等人 ...

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