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Author:
Date:
2020-03-05
[Abstract] Lipid mixing (redistribution of lipid probes between fusing membranes) has been widely used to study early stages of relatively fast viral and intracellular fusion processes that take seconds to minutes. Lipid mixing assays are especially important for identification of hemifusion intermediates operationally defined as lipid mixing without content mixing. Due to unsynchronized character and the slow rate of the differentiation processes that prime the cells for cell-cell fusion processes in myogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and placentogenesis, these fusions take days. Application of lipid mixing assays to detect early fusion intermediates in these very slow fusion processes must consider the continuous turnover of plasma membrane components and potential fusion-unrelated exchange of the ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 脂质混合(脂质探针在融合膜之间的分布)已广泛用于研究相对快速的病毒和细胞内融合过程的各个阶段,这些过程耗时数秒至数分钟。脂质混合测定对于鉴定在操作上定义为没有内容混合的脂质混合的半融合中间体特别重要。由于不同步的特性以及分化过程的缓慢速度,这些分化过程使细胞在成肌,破骨细胞生成和胎盘生成中引发细胞间的融合过程,因此这些融合需要几天的时间。在这些非常缓慢的融合过程中应用脂质混合测定法检测早期融合中间体时,必须考虑质膜成分的连续转换以及脂质探针在膜之间的潜在融合无关交换。在这里,我们描述了脂质混合分析在骨骼肌细胞发育和再生中成肌融合阶段的工作中的应用。我们的方法利用了基于鼠C2C12细胞的成肌分化和融合的常规体外模型。当我们观察到第一个多核细胞的外观时,我们将细胞提起并用荧光脂质DiI 作为膜探针或CellTracker TM Green 作为含量探针标记它们。通过荧光显微镜对探针在细胞之间的重新分布进行评分。半融合细胞被鉴定为用内含物和膜探针标记的单核细胞。解释必须由具有融合能力不足细胞的阴性对照系统支持,以说明脂质探针的与融合无关的交换,并将其贡献降到最低。这种方法进行了较小的修改已用于调查原代鼠成肌细胞,破骨细胞前体的融合以及由配子融合原HAP2 介导的融合,并且很可能可以用于其他缓慢的细胞-细胞融合过程。
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