| A Workflow for Ultra-rapid Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications with Direct-injection Mass Spectrometry
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Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract] Chromatin modifications, like histone post translational modifications (PTMs), are critical for tuning gene expression and many other aspects of cell phenotype. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the most suitable method to analyze histones and histone PTMs in a large-scale manner. Selected histone PTMs have known functions, and their aberrant regulation is linked to a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. However, histone analysis is scarcely used in diagnostics, partially due to the limited throughput and not ideal reproducibility of LC-MS based analysis. We describe a workflow that allows for high-throughput sample preparation is less than a day using 96-well plates. Following preparation, samples are sprayed into MS without LC, using an ...
[摘要] [抽象]像组蛋白翻译后修饰(PTM)一样,染色质修饰对于调节基因表达和细胞表型的许多其他方面至关重要。液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)已成为最适合大规模分析组蛋白和组蛋白PTM的方法。选定的组蛋白PTM具有已知功能,其异常调节与包括癌症在内的多种疾病有关。但是,组蛋白分析很少用于诊断中,部分是由于通量有限且基于LC-MS的分析的重现性不理想。我们描述了一种使用96孔板进行少于一天的高通量样品制备的工作流程。制备后,使用自动直接进样(DI-MS)方法将样品喷雾到无LC的MS中。每次分析都可以通过45个PTM(甲基化,乙酰化和磷酸化(共151个组蛋白标记)和16个未修饰的组蛋白肽进行组蛋白变体的相对定量。由于没有残留或基于LC的批处理效应,该工作流程允许MS运行少于1分钟,并具有更高的重现性和耐用性。最后,我们描述了一种工程化的肽序列,用于精确监控样品制备的效率,可以在DI-MS运行期间检测到该效率。
[背景] 组蛋白是具有球形头部和N末端尾巴的碱性蛋白质,富含精氨酸和赖氨酸残基。一对典型的组蛋白H2A,H2B,H3和H4(称为核心组蛋白)形成一个八聚体,其周围147 ...
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| Preparation of HeLa Total Membranes and Assay of Lipid-inhibition of Serine Palmitoyltransferase Activity
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Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract] Serine palmitoyltranferase (SPT) is a pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. SPT activity is homeostatically regulated in response to increased levels of sphingolipids. This homeostatic regulation of SPT is mediated through small ER membrane proteins termed the ORMDLs. Here we describe a procedure to assay ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity. The assay of SPT activity using radiolabeled L-serine was developed from the procedure established by the Hornemann laboratory. The activity of SPT can also be measured using deuterated L-serine but it requires mass spectrometry, which consumes money, time and instrumentation. The ORMDL dependent lipid inhibition of SPT activity can be ...
[摘要] [摘要] 丝氨酸Palmitoyltranferase (SPT)是吡哆醛5 ' 磷酸(PLP)依赖酶催化第一和限速步骤中从头合成鞘脂。SPT活动是Homeostatically调控响应水平的提高鞘脂。这SPT的稳态调节是通过小ER膜蛋白介导称为ORMDLs。在这里,我们描述了一种方法用放射性标记的L-丝氨酸以测定SPT活性的SPT活性。测定的ORMDL依赖性抑制脂质从由规定的程序被开发Hornemann 实验室。 SPT的活性也可以使用氘化的L-丝氨酸进行测定,但需要进行质谱分析,这会耗费金钱,时间和仪器。可以在细胞和无细胞系统中研究ORMDL依赖性脂质对SPT活性的抑制作用。在这里,我们提供了详细的协议来测量存在短链(C8-神经酰胺)或长链神经酰胺(C24-神经酰胺)时SPT活性。该协议的最大优势之一我们通过在HeLa细胞膜中提供外源鞘氨醇和24:1酰基辅酶A通过内源性神经酰胺合酶生成长链神经酰胺来实现这一目标。需要精密的仪器。
[背景 ] 丝氨酸palmit oyltranferase (SPT)是一种多亚基酶是在真核生物和原核生物一些广泛表达(花田等人,1997; Ikushiro 。等人,2001; Hornemann 等人,2007).The ...
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| Determination of Flavin Potential in Proteins by Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase Method
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract] This protocol describes a simple xanthine/xanthine oxidase enzymatic equilibration method for determination of the redox potential of a flavin. As an example of the use of this method, we determine the reduction potential of the covalently bound FAD cofactor (Em = -55 mV) in the SdhA flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. In principle, this method can be used routinely to determine the redox potential of flavin cofactors in any simple flavoprotein from equilibrium concentrations with an appropriate reference dye of known Em without the use of sophisticated electrochemical equipment.
[摘要] [摘要] 该协议描述了一种简单的黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶酶平衡方法,用于测定黄素的氧化还原电位。作为使用此方法的一个例子,我们确定了大肠杆菌中琥珀酸脱氢酶的SdhA 黄素亚基中共价结合的FAD辅因子的还原电位(E m = -55 mV)。原则上,该方法可常规用于通过平衡浓度和已知E m 的适当参考染料确定任何简单黄素蛋白中黄素辅因子的氧化还原电位。 无需使用复杂的电化学设备。
[背景] 几种生物物理方法可用于测量蛋白质中黄素的还原中点电位(E m )。这些电位测量方法通常依赖于目标蛋白质和电极之间的电化学偶联。例如,在带有其他辅助因子(例如铁硫中心和醌)的复杂黄素蛋白中,常常使用电化学方法和电子顺磁共振(EPR)光谱来确定氧化还原中心的E m (Kowal 等,1995;Saenger等,等人,2005; Hudson 等人,2005; Cheng 等人,2015)。然而,在只包含黄素氧化还原中心简单黄素蛋白,辅助因子,可以直接通过它不需要特殊的设备电化学或昂贵的EPR仪表传统光学分光光度法研究。1990年,文森特·梅西(Vincent Massey)提出了一种简单的方法,该方法可以从氧化和还原伴侣(即黄素蛋白和参考染料)的平衡浓度中确定黄素的还原电位(Massey,1991)。该方法不直接测量黄素的还原电势,而是确定黄素和参考染料的E m ...
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