| Extraction of Small Molecules from Fecal Samples and Testing of Their Activity on Microbial Physiology
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Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract] The human body is colonized by vast communities of microbes, collectively known as microbiota, or microbiome. Although microbes colonize every surface of our bodies that is exposed to the external environment, the biggest collection of microbes colonizing humans and other mammals can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the fact that the human gut is colonized by several hundred microbial species, our group hypothesized that the chemical diversity of this environment should be significant, and that many of the molecules present in that environment would have important signaling roles. Therefore, we devised a protocol to extract these molecules from human feces and test their signaling properties. Potentially bioactive extracts can be tested through addition to culture medium and ...
[摘要] 人体被巨大的微生物群体统称为微生物群体或微生物群体。尽管微生物在我们身体的每一个暴露于外部环境的表面上定殖，但人类和其他哺乳动物中最大量的微生物可以在胃肠道中找到。鉴于人类肠道已被数百种微生物物种繁殖，我们的团队假设这种环境的化学多样性应该是显着的，并且该环境中存在的许多分子将具有重要的信号传导作用。因此，我们制定了一个协议，从人类粪便中提取这些分子并测试其信号特性。可以通过添加培养基并分析细菌生长和基因表达以及其他性质来测试潜在的生物活性提取物。本文描述的方案提供了一种简便且快速的方法，用于使用肠道沙门氏菌作为模型生物体从粪便样品中提取和测试代谢物。该方案还可以适用于从其他基质如培养的哺乳动物细胞，组织，体液和无菌微生物培养物中提取小分子，并且可以针对各种微生物物种测试所得提取物。
【背景】复杂的微生物群落生活在人类和人类身上，将暴露于外部环境的每个表面都定殖。几十年来，这些社区已经获得了几个教派，其中包括正常的植物群，微生物群和最近的微生物群（Sekirov等人，2010年; ...
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| Infection of Soybean Plants with the Insect Bacterial Symbiont Burkholderia gladioli and Evaluation of Plant Fitness
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Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract] To investigate the establishment and consequences of host-microbe interactions, it is important to develop controlled infection assays suitable for each system, as well as appropriate methods to evaluate successful infection and its associated effects. Here, we describe a procedure for bacterial inoculation of soybean plants, followed by the assessment of systemic infection and impact on plant fitness. Soybean (Glycine max) seedlings were mechanically wounded using a device that mimics insect herbivory and inoculated with known cell numbers of Burkholderia gladioli bacteria previously isolated from an insect host. The impact on the plants was evaluated by monitoring changes in height, time to flowering and chlorophyll content during plant development, and by quantifying ...
[摘要] 为了研究宿主 - 微生物相互作用的建立和后果，开发适用于每个系统的受控感染测定法以及评估成功感染及其相关作用的适当方法是重要的。在这里，我们描述了大豆植物的细菌接种程序，然后评估全身感染和对植物健康的影响。使用模拟昆虫食草动物的装置对大豆（Glycine max）幼苗进行机械性伤害，并用先前从昆虫宿主分离的已知细胞数目的伯克霍尔德氏菌（B.coli）进行接种。通过监测植物发育过程中身高，开花时间和叶绿素含量的变化以及通过与用无菌水接种的植物相比量化种子产量来评估对植物的影响。使用定量PCR和荧光原位杂交（FISH）在来自发育植物的组织中检查细菌感染的存在和增殖。
微生物与不同的真核生物建立共生关系，对宿主的适应性有着深远的影响，从有益到不利（Frank，1997）。在许多情况下，这些协会是直接或间接的影响与其他生物，如潜在的替代主机相互作用。举例来说，植物，微生物和昆虫之间有许多三方相互作用，其中微生物共生体在不同宿主之间传播并影响相关生物体的生理或生态（Frago等人）。 ，2012; Gilbert et al。，2012）。在植物性的Lagriinae甲虫中，与来自植物致病性分支的细菌（Burkholderia gladioli）建立了共生伙伴关系，表明这种关联在三方相互作用的情况下发展。先前已经证明了从 Lagria villosa ...
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