| K+ Release Assay and K+ Measurement in Oocyte Assay
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Author:
Date:
2020-11-05
[Abstract] The Xenopus oocyte is a powerful system for the exogenous expression and functional characterization of plant membrane transport proteins. Until now, a number of potassium transporters and channels have been identified in oocytes expression system by the two-electrode voltage clamp technology. It is difficult to characterize K+/H+ anti-transporters, especially, electroneutral transporter. The K+ efflux assay system enables easy, fast, large-scale measurement of the transporters activity without two-electrode voltage clamp technology. This protocol describes a technique to measure the efflux activity of potassium transporter in oocytes expressing system.
[摘要] [摘要]爪蟾卵母细胞是针对外源表达和植物膜转运蛋白的功能表征一个强大的系统。迄今为止,通过两电极电压钳技术已经在卵母细胞表达系统中发现了许多钾转运蛋白和钾通道。很难表征K + / H +反转运蛋白,尤其是电中性转运蛋白。K +外排测定系统无需两电极电压钳技术即可轻松,快速,大规模地测量转运蛋白的活性。该协议描述了一种测量卵母细胞表达系统中钾转运蛋白外排活性的技术。
[背景[非洲爪蟾卵母细胞中积累了酶,蛋白质和细胞器,这些都可以被利用来生产大量,正确翻译后修饰,正确定点的外来蛋白质(Miller and Zhou,2000)。因此,卵母细胞通过使用两电极电压钳技术提供了一种有效的表达系统,以功能上表征植物膜蛋白。在卵母细胞中表达的第一个植物钾转运蛋白是K +通道(Cao等,1992)。此后,大部分钾通道和转运已经在卵母细胞的研究(Schachtman等人,1994; V é RY等人,1994; Wang和吴,2013年)。但是一些K + / H +反转运蛋白是电中性的,两电极电压钳技术无法表征这些转运蛋白。为了克服这个问题,我们采用了一种新的方法来确定这些转运蛋白的活性,方法是测量孵育前后培养基中钾含量的变化。细胞内ķ +浓度为约70 - 150mM的(韦伯,1999年)。由表达的K +转运蛋白介导的K +外排可引起细胞内和细胞外K ...
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| TetR Regulated in vivo Repression Technology to Identify Conditional Gene Silencing in Genetically Engineerable Bacteria Using Vibrio cholerae Murine Infections as Model System
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract] Investigation of bacterial gene regulation upon environmental changes is still a challenging task. For example, Vibrio cholerae, a pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract, faces diverse transient conditions in different compartments upon oral ingestion. Genetic reporter systems have been demonstrated to be extremely powerful tools to unravel gene regulation events in complex conditions, but so far focused mainly on gene induction. Herein, we describe the TetR-controlled recombination-based in vivo expression technology TRIVET, which allows detection of gene silencing events. TRIVET resembles a modified variant of the in vivo expression technology (IVET) as well as recombination-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET), which were used to ...
[摘要] [摘要]研究细菌基因对环境变化的调控仍然是一项艰巨的任务。例如,人胃肠道的病原体霍乱弧菌在口服后会在不同的隔室中遇到各种短暂的状况。事实证明,遗传报告系统是揭示复杂条件下基因调控事件的极有力工具,但到目前为止,它主要集中在基因诱导上。在本文中,我们描述了基于TetR控制的重组的体内表达技术TRIVET,该技术可检测基因沉默事件。TRIVET类似于体内表达技术(IVET)以及基于重组的体内变异体 表达技术(RIVET),用于鉴定宿主定殖过程中几种细菌的条件基因诱导。像它的前辈一样,TRIVET是一个基于单细胞的报告系统,可以通过耐药谱的表型变化以时空方式分析细菌基因的阻遏。简而言之,无启动子的tetR (编码转录阻遏物TetR)可通过转座子诱变随机地整合到细菌基因组中,或通过同源重组在目标启动子的下游特异性整合到细菌基因组中。的TetR导致的去阻遏的转录表达的减少的TetR控制解离TNPR,这反过来又导致切除ö F A Ñ抗生素抗性盒(也称为RES-盒)和改变的电阻曲线可观察到的通过划线上氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素板。然后可以将这种改变量化为抗性和非抗性分离株之间的比例。此外,新引入的第二报道基因,promot erless ...
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