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Scissors for Eggs 12 cm long curved, 12 mm extrafine blades; Spring Scissors

Company: World Precision Instruments
Catalog#: 14120
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Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Mitochondria in Mouse Skeletal Muscle
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Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in the human body and regulates a variety of functions including locomotion and whole-body metabolism. Skeletal muscle has a plethora of mitochondria, the organelles that are essential for aerobic generation of ATP which provides the chemical energy to fuel vital functions such as contraction. The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle and their function decline with normal aging and in various neuromuscular diseases and in catabolic conditions such as cancer, starvation, denervation, and immobilization. Moreover, compromised mitochondrial function is also associated with metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is now clear that maintaining mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle is vital for sustained health ... [摘要]  骨骼肌是人体中含量最丰富的组织,可调节各种功能,包括运动和全身代谢。骨骼肌有很多线粒体,这是ATP好氧生成所必需的细胞器,它提供化学能量来促进收缩等重要功能。骨骼肌中线粒体的数量及其功能随着正常衰老和各种神经肌肉疾病以及癌症,饥饿,去神经支配和固定等分解代谢条件而下降。此外,受损的线粒体功能也与包括2型糖尿病在内的代谢紊乱有关。现在清楚的是维持骨骼肌中的线粒体含量和功能对于整个寿命期间的持续健康是至关重要的。虽然有许多染色方法可用于研究线粒体,但透射电子显微镜(TEM)仍然是研究骨骼肌中线粒体结构和健康的最重要方法。它提供关于线粒体含量,嵴密度,组织,自噬体形成以及在各种疾病状况中经常观察到的任何其他异常的关键信息。在本文中,我们描述了一个详细的协议样本制备和透射电镜分析小鼠骨骼肌线粒体。

【背景】骨骼肌是一种高度塑性的组织,经过响应一些细胞外信号的形态和代谢适应性。包括抵抗或耐力运动在内的许多干扰刺激线粒体生物发生,导致增加的代谢能力和抵抗疲劳(Li等人,2008; Sandri,2008)。相反,在衰老期间,不活动,以及在许多分解代谢疾病状态下,骨骼肌线粒体数量和功能下降,导致易疲劳性和胰岛素抵抗增加(Sandri,2008)。功能失调的线粒体的累积也可能导致进行性活性氧物质诱导的损伤,从而进一步损害骨骼肌中的氧化能力(Bonnard等人,2008)。 ...

Immunogold Electron Microscopy of the Autophagosome Marker LC3
Author:
Date:
2017-12-20
[Abstract]  Even though autophagy was firstly observed by transmission electron microscopy already in the 1950s (reviewed in Eskelinen et al., 2011), nowadays this technique remains one of the most powerful systems to monitor autophagic processes. The autophagosome, an LC3-positive double membrane structures enclosing cellular materials, represents the key organelle in autophagy and its simple visualization and/or numeration allow to draw important conclusions about the autophagic flux. Therefore, the accurate identification of autophagosomes is crucial for a comprehensive and detailed dissection of autophagy. Here we present a simple protocol to identify autophagosomes by transmission electron microscopy coupled to immunogold labeling of LC3 starting from a relatively low cell number, which ... [摘要]  尽管早在20世纪50年代就已经通过透射电子显微镜观察了自噬(在Eskelinen等人2011年的综述中),但是现在这种技术仍然是监测自噬过程的最强大的系统之一。 自噬体是包含细胞物质的LC3阳性双层膜结构,代表了自噬的关键细胞器,其简单的可视化和/或计数允许得出关于自噬流的重要结论。 因此,准确鉴定自噬体对自噬的全面和详细的分析至关重要。 在这里我们提出一个简单的协议,以确定autophagosomes透射电子显微镜耦合LC3的免疫金标记从一个相对较低的细胞数量,我们最近开发遵循病毒介导的人类癌变期间的自噬途径。

【背景】自噬体代表了macroautophagy的关键结构,这是一种细胞胞质成分的分解代谢系统。巨自噬(或简单地自吞噬)由吞噬细胞的形成引发,所述吞噬细胞能够自身扩张吞噬细胞器和蛋白质,所述蛋白质最终闭合在螯合成分周围形成被称为自噬体的细胞器。接下来,在成熟过程中,自噬体可以与溶酶体融合以形成自溶酶体,其中被捕获的物质被位于溶酶体限制性膜中的泵降解并再循环回(Glick et al。,2010)。

由于自噬功能障碍与各种人类疾病,病毒感染,神经退行性疾病,免疫功能和癌症有关(Schneider and ...

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