| Pipecolic Acid Quantification Using Gas Chromatography-coupled Mass Spectrometry
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-05
[Abstract] Pipecolic acid (Pip), a non-proteinacious product of lysine catabolism, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike. For instance, Pip accumulation is associated with the genetic disorder Zellweger syndrome, chronic liver diseases, and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy in humans. In plants, Pip accumulates upon pathogen infection and is required for plant defense. The aminotransferase ALD1 catalyzes biosynthesis of Pip precursor piperideine-2-carboxylic acid, which is converted to Pip via ornithine cyclodeaminase. A variety of methods are used to quantify Pip, and some of these involve use of expensive amino acid analysis kits. Here, we describe a simplified procedure for quantitative analysis of Pip from plant tissues. Pipecolic acid was extracted from leaf tissues along ...
[摘要] [摘要]胡椒酸(Pip)是赖氨酸分解代谢的非蛋白质产物,是植物和人类免疫力的重要调节剂。例如,Pip积累与人类遗传病Zellweger综合征,慢性肝病和吡ido醇依赖性癫痫有关。在植物中,Pip会在病原体感染时积聚,是植物防御所必需的。氨基转移酶ALD1催化Pip前体哌啶-2-羧酸的生物合成,后者通过鸟氨酸环脱氨酶转化为Pip。多种方法可用于定量Pip,其中一些方法涉及使用昂贵的氨基酸分析试剂盒。在这里,我们描述了从植物组织中定量定量分析的简化程序。P ipecolic酸是从叶组织中提取与内标正缬氨酸一起衍生与丙基氯甲酸酯和分析通过气相色谱-质谱联用选择性离子模式。此过程简单,经济且有效,并且不涉及同位素内标或多步衍生化。
关键词:胡椒酸GC-MS拟南芥植物防御氯甲酸丙酯
[背景]匹,非蛋白氨基酸赖氨酸的氨基酸衍生物,积聚在病原体感染的植物的本地和远端的组织和患者的体液与过氧化物酶体疾病(Schutgens等人,1986;尹和An,2010;Návarová等人。,2012;王等人,2018) ...
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| Auxin-mediated Protein Degradation in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract] The auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology was recently adapted for use in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Rapid degradation of C. elegans proteins tagged with an AID is mediated by a plant-specific F-box protein, transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1), and occurs only in the presence of the phytohormone auxin. The first iteration of this technology elicited protein degradation in C. elegans through a naturally occurring form of auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Here, we present a protocol that uses 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, potassium salt (K-NAA), an indole-free synthetic auxin analog. At equal concentration, K-NAA is as effective as IAA in standard nematode growth media (NGM). K-NAA is also effective in physiological buffer (M9), allowing for ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 植物生长素诱导的德隆(AID)技术最近被用于线虫秀丽隐杆线虫。带有AID标签的秀丽隐杆线虫蛋白的快速降解是由植物特异性F-box蛋白介导的,转运抑制剂反应1 (TIR1),而且只发生在存在的植物激素生长素。第一次迭代的这项技术引起蛋白质降解C. 线虫通过一个天然存在形式的生长素,吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)。在此,我们协议用途1-萘乙酸,钾盐(K-NAA),一个,自由吲哚合成的植物生长素类似物。在相等浓度 ,K-NAA在标准线虫生长培养基(NGM)中与IAA一样有效。K-NAA在生理缓冲液(M9)中也有效,可以进行高通量实验。K-NAA的主要优点有两个:它的光稳定性可防止光诱导的化合物在储存过程中降解以及在活细胞的荧光显微镜检查过程中产生有毒的吲哚衍生物;其次,其水溶性消除了使用乙醇溶解植物生长素化合物(一种可能混淆C 的溶剂)的需要。线虫寿命和行为分析。在这个协议中,我们描述方法降解菌的C. elegans的使用K-NAA对固体和液体介质的蛋白质,以及我们的方法分析蛋白质降解。
[背景 ] 有条件的蛋白质降解通过降解决定子是一个新兴的方法研究蛋白质功能在秀丽隐杆线虫(拔头筹而Frokjaer -詹森2019年)。现在的降解决定子的方法包括ZF1 (Armenti 等人。2014年,萨累。等,2018) ,生长素诱导型德龙(AID)(Zhang ...
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