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Company: VWR
Catalog#: 14672-380
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In vitro AMPylation/Adenylylation of Alpha-synuclein by HYPE/FICD
Author:
Date:
2020-09-20
[Abstract]  One of the major histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are Lewy bodies (LBs) –cytoplasmic inclusions, enriched with fibrillar forms of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Progressive deposition of α-syn into LBs is enabled by its propensity to fibrillize into insoluble aggregates. We recently described a marked reduction in α-syn fibrillation in vitro upon posttranslational modification (PTM) by the Fic (Filamentation induced by cAMP) family adenylyltransferase HYPE/FICD (Huntingtin yeast-interacting protein E/FICD). Specifically, HYPE utilizes ATP to covalently decorate key threonine residues in α-syn’s N-terminal and NAC (non-amyloid-β component) regions with AMP (adenosine monophosphate), in a PTM termed AMPylation or adenylylation. Status quo in ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 帕金森氏病的主要组织病理学标志之一是路易体(LB) –细胞质内含物,富含纤维状形式的突触前蛋白α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)。由于α-syn易于原纤维化成不溶性聚集体,因此可以逐步沉积到LBs中。我们最近描述了Fic(由cAMP诱导的细丝化)家族腺苷酸转移酶HYPE / FICD(与亨廷顿酵母相互作用的蛋白E / FICD)在翻译后修饰(PTM)后体外α-syn纤颤的明显减少。具体而言,HYPE利用ATP在称为AMPylation 或adenylylation 的PTM中,以AMP(单磷酸腺苷)共价修饰α-syn's N末端和NAC(非淀粉样β成分)区域中的关键苏氨酸残基。HYPE底物(例如α-syn)的体外AMPyl化反应现状使用多种ATP类似物,包括放射性标记的α - 32 P-ATP 或α - 33 P-ATP,荧光ATP类似物,生物素化ATP类似物(N6- [6-六甲基] -ATP-生物素),以及基于点击化学的烷基-ATP方法检测基于凝胶的AMPylation 。当前描述HYPE介导AMPylation 的分步方案的文献依赖于α - 33 P-ATP核苷酸,而不是更常见的α - 32 P-ATP。尽管有效,但前一种方法需要长时间且危险的DMSO-PPO(二甲基亚砜- 聚苯基恶唑)沉淀。因此,我们提供了基于α - 33 ...

Mouse Mammary Gland Whole Mount Preparation and Analysis
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  The mammary gland undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy and is also subject to neoplastic processes both of which result in histological changes of the gland epithelial structure. Since the mammary tree is a complex three-dimensional structure a method is needed that provides an overview of the entire gland. Whole mounts provide this information, are inexpensive and do not require specialized equipment. This protocol describes mammary gland isolation, whole mount preparation and analysis. Mammary gland tissue, which is removed postmortem, is stained with Carmine Alum, a nuclear stain, allowing detection of epithelial structures embedded in the adipose tissue of the mammary fat pad. Stained mammary glands are imaged by light microscopy or embedded and sectioned for histological ... [摘要]  乳腺在怀孕期间经历广泛的重塑并且还经历肿瘤过程,这两者都导致腺体上皮结构的组织学变化。 由于乳树是复杂的三维结构,因此需要一种提供整个腺体概览的方法。 整个安装提供这些信息,价格低廉,不需要专门的设备。 该协议描述了乳腺分离,整体制备和分析。 在死后取出的乳腺组织用胭脂红明矾(一种核染色剂)染色,允许检测嵌入乳腺脂肪垫的脂肪组织中的上皮结构。 通过光学显微镜对染色的乳腺进行成像或嵌入并切片以进行组织学检查。 诸如Image J的图像分析软件可用于量化分支复杂性,上皮结构重塑或增生变化的扩展。

【背景】尽管乳腺的发育在胚胎发育期间开始并且在出生时存在基本的上皮结构,但是上皮乳树在出生后经历广泛的扩张。响应于激素变化,乳腺上皮细胞增殖并侵入乳腺脂肪垫。在怀孕期间,乳腺上皮经历进一步的分化和重塑以准备产奶。随后,这些上皮结构对断奶作出反应。这些重塑过程由激素,生长因子,细胞因子和细胞外基质驱动。除了响应生理过程的重塑之外,乳腺还经历诸如肿瘤转化的病理过程。这种复杂的生物学以及相对容易的分离使得乳腺成为有用的实验模型。分析乳腺生物学或肿瘤转化的实验研究通常使用小鼠模型来量化基因缺失或过表达对乳腺发育,重塑和肿瘤转化的影响。乳腺整个坐骑允许对乳腺的整个3D上皮结构进行常规和疾病过程的常规检查(Plante et al。,2011; Inman et al。, ...

Mammalian Cell-derived Vesicles for the Isolation of Organelle Specific Transmembrane Proteins to Conduct Single Molecule Studies
Author:
Date:
2018-05-05
[Abstract]  Cell-derived vesicles facilitate the isolation of transmembrane proteins in their physiological membrane maintaining their structural and functional integrity. These vesicles can be generated from different cellular organelles producing, housing, or transporting the proteins. Combined with single-molecule imaging, isolated organelle specific vesicles can be employed to study the trafficking and assembly of the embedded proteins. Here we present a method for organelle specific single molecule imaging via isolation of ER and plasma membrane vesicles from HEK293T cells by employing OptiPrep gradients and nitrogen cavitation. The isolation was validated through Western blotting, and the isolated vesicles were used to perform single molecule studies of oligomeric receptor assembly. [摘要]  细胞衍生的囊泡促进跨膜蛋白在其生理膜中的分离,从而维持其结构和功能完整性。 这些囊泡可以由产生,容纳或运输蛋白质的不同细胞器产生。 结合单分子成像,可以使用分离的细胞器特异性囊泡来研究嵌入蛋白质的运输和组装。 在这里,我们提出了一种通过使用OptiPrep梯度和氮气穴通过从HEK293T细胞中分离ER和质膜囊泡来进行细胞器特异性单分子成像的方法。 通过Western印迹验证分离,并使用分离的囊泡进行寡聚受体组装的单分子研究。

【背景】大量的跨膜蛋白通过多个亚基的组装形成,导致复杂的寡聚结构,其可以通常以多种化学计量存在。了解组装中的变化如何改变在不同细胞器中的贩运和本地化对于确定蛋白质的生理作用以及与成熟和运输相关的疾病的连接至关重要。单分子方法可以通过直接测量其化学计量比来更好地理解寡聚蛋白的组装(Ulbrich和Isacoff,2007; Richards等人,2012)。这种方法避免了整体平均,从而提供了所有化学计量的平均状态(Walter and Bustamante,2014)。单分子研究近来已被用于理解大分子的结构和功能特性,包括构象动力学(Tan等人,2014),离子通道门控(Wang等人 ,2016),配体 - 受体相互作用(Moonschi等人,2015)和化学计量组装(Ulbrich和Isacoff,2007; ...

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