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15 ml centrifuge tubes

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Microscopic Observation of Subcellular GFP-tagged Protein Localization in Rice Anthers
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2018-08-05
[Abstract]  This protocol demonstrates a simple method to determine the subcellular localization of fluorescence-tagged proteins on the vibratome sections of rice developing anthers. If a cell type-specific promoter is used to drive the tagged protein-encoding gene, the method enables to clearly distinguish the cells retaining fluorescent signals from other anther cells. It is applicable to both live and fixed samples, and presumably to other plant tissues. [摘要]  该方案演示了一种确定荧光标记蛋白在水稻发育花药的振动切片上的亚细胞定位的简单方法。 如果使用细胞类型特异性启动子来驱动标记的蛋白质编码基因,该方法能够清楚地区分保留荧光信号的细胞与其他花药细胞。 它适用于活的和固定的样品,并且可能适用于其他植物组织。

Preserve Cultured Cell Cytonemes through a Modified Electron Microscopy Fixation
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Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Immunocytochemistry of cultured cells is a common and effective technique for determining compositions and localizations of proteins within cellular structures. However, traditional cultured cell fixation and staining protocols are not effective in preserving cultured cell cytonemes, long specialized filopodia that are dedicated to morphogen transport. As a result, limited mechanistic interrogation has been performed to assess their regulation. We developed a fixation protocol for cultured cells that preserves cytonemes, which allows for immunofluorescent analysis of endogenous and over-expressed proteins localizing to the delicate cellular structures. [摘要]  培养细胞的免疫细胞化学是用于确定细胞结构内蛋白质的组成和定位的常用且有效的技术。 然而,传统的培养细胞固定和染色方案不能有效地保存培养的细胞色素,长期专门用于形态发生转运的丝状伪足。 结果,进行了有限的机械审讯以评估其监管。 我们开发了一种用于培养细胞的固定方案,该方案保留了细胞质,允许对内源性和过表达的蛋白质进行免疫荧光分析,这些蛋白质定位于脆弱的细胞结构。

【背景】Cytonemes被分类为薄的(~200nm直径)基于肌动蛋白的丝状伪足,长度超过2μm,可以转运形态发生素(Ramírez-Weber和Kornberg,1999)。这些信号结构首先在发育中的 Drosophila 翼成像盘中进行了详细分类和描述,随后在小鼠,小鸡和斑马鱼模型生物中进行了观察(Ramírez-Weber和Kornberg,1999; Sanders et al。,2013; Stanganello et al。,2015)。在大多数情况下,只有对过表达的荧光标记蛋白进行实时成像才能进行细胞色素检测。由于传统的固定方案未能保存这些脆弱的细丝,因此对培养细胞的细胞色素的检查受到限制。这些并发症一直是决定在发育和组织稳态期间驱动细胞色素形成和功能的细胞机制以及确定这些过程是否在疾病中被破坏的限制因素。

为了克服这些限制,我们开发了一种基于修饰电子显微镜固定剂(MEM-fix)的方案,该方案可以保留培养细胞的细胞质。 ...

High Throughput NPY-Venus and Serotonin Secretion Assays for Regulated Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells
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Date:
2018-01-05
[Abstract]  Here we describe two assays to measure dense core vesicle (DCV) exocytosis-mediated cargo secretion in neuroendocrine cells. To conduct siRNA screens for novel genes in regulated DCV exocytosis, we developed a plate reader-based secretion assay using DCV cargo, NPY-Venus, and an orthogonal 3H-serotonin secretion assay. The NPY-Venus secretion assay was successfully used for a high throughput siRNA screen, and the serotonin secretion assay was used to validate hits identified from the screen (Sorensen, 2017; Zhang et al., 2017). [摘要]  在这里我们描述了两种测定方法来测量神经内分泌细胞中的致密核心囊泡(DCV)胞吐作用介导的货物分泌。 为了在受调控的DCV胞吐作用中对新基因进行siRNA筛选,我们开发了使用DCV货物,NPY-金星以及正交3H-血清素分泌测定的基于读板器的分泌测定法。 NPY-金星分泌测定成功地用于高通量siRNA筛选,并且使用血清素分泌测定来验证从筛选中鉴定的命中(Sorensen,2017; Zhang等人,2017)。


【背景】致密核心囊泡(DCV)胞吐作用介导内分泌和神经内分泌细胞分泌蛋白质,肽和小分子。当蛋白质和肽激素被内质网上的核糖体合成时,蛋白质和肽激素进入分泌途径,并在跨高尔基网络(TGN)(Borgonovo等人,2006; Bowman等, >等人,2009)。小分子物质,如5-羟色胺,直接被胞质单胺转运蛋白(VMATs)从细胞质直接吸收到DCV的内腔(Sudhof,2004)。在非刺激条件下,货物分子被储存在靠近质膜的DCV内。当细胞接受增加细胞质Ca ...

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