{{'Search' | translate}}
 

L-glutamine

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 10378-016
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

In vitro Measurement of Membrane Attack Complex in RPE Cells
Author:
Date:
2021-02-20
[Abstract]  

Initiation of the complement system results in the formation of a multiprotein pore termed the membrane attack complex (MAC, C5b-C9). MAC pores accumulate on a cell surface and can result in cell lysis. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single monolayer of pigmented epithelial cells located at the posterior poll of the eye that forms the outer blood retinal barrier. RPE cells are highly polarized with apical microvilli and basolateral contact with Bruch’s membrane. In order to obtain biologically relevant polarized RPE cultures in vitro, RPE cells are seeded onto the apical side of a transwell filter and cultured for 4 weeks in low serum media. MAC formation on RPE cells has been reported to be sub-lytic. MAC formation can be achieved in vitro by introduction of normal human

...
[摘要]  [摘要]补体系统的启动导致形成称为膜攻击复合物(MAC,C5b-C9)的多蛋白孔。MAC孔积聚在细胞表面,可导致细胞裂解。视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)是位于眼那种形式的后轮询色素上皮细胞的单个单层š外血视网膜屏障。RPE细胞高度极化,顶端微绒毛和与Bruch膜的基底外侧接触。为了在体外获得生物学上相关的极化RPE培养物,将RPE细胞接种到Transwell滤膜的顶端,并在低血清培养基中培养4周。MAC形成Ò Ñ据报道,RPE细胞是亚裂解的。通过在血清饥饿24小时后向培养基中引入正常人血清(NHS),可以在体外实现MAC的形成。NHS包含启动补体激活和MAC形成所需的所有血清补体蛋白。我们结合了体外RPE极化和补体激活,以利用共聚焦显微镜在体外可视化MAC形成,从而实现了高分辨率MAC成像。


[背景]补体系统是一种进化保守的先天免疫途径。补体激活存在三种主要的独立但重叠的途径,它们在C3转化酶,经典途径,凝集素途径和替代途径中收敛。在经典途径中,免疫复合物(抗原-抗体复合物)通过C1q亚成分结合C1,然后C1s蛋白酶亚基裂解补体因子C4和C2。这些片段(C4bC2b)形成酶复合物“ ...

In vivo Tumor Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis Assays Using A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract]  Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related deaths. The genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and cell line-based subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse xenografts have been developed to study the metastatic process. By using lung cancer cell line A549 as an example, we present a modified protocol to establish the cell line-based xenograft. Our protocol ensures sufficient establishment of the mouse xenografts and allows us to monitor tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. This protocol could be adapted to other types of established cancer cell lines or primary cancer cells to study the mechanism of metastatic process as well as to test the effect of the potential anti-cancer agents on tumor growth and metastatic capacity. [摘要]  [摘要 ] 中号etastasis应收大多数癌症相关死亡。已经开发了基因工程小鼠(GEM)模型以及基于细胞系的皮下和原位小鼠异种移植物,以研究转移过程。以肺癌细胞系A549为例,我们提出了一种改进的方案来建立基于细胞系的异种移植物。我们的协议可确保小鼠异种移植物的充分建立,并允许我们监测肿瘤的生长和自发转移。该方案可适用于其他类型的已建立癌细胞系或原发性癌细胞,以研究转移过程的机制以及测试潜在抗癌药对肿瘤生长和转移能力的影响。

[背景 ] 的5年生存率速率为患者与晚期阶段肺癌症是少大于15%时,与在大多数的患者死于从转移性疾病(斯特和恩格尔曼,2012 ; 惠特塞特,等人,2013 ; D'安东尼奥等人。,2014 ; Steeg的,2016) 。因此,使用鼠标模型来调查的机制的肺肿瘤侵袭和转移可能促进了发展的新的战略来控制的转移过程。

转移是一个多步骤过程是包括本地侵袭,血管内,并且生存在的循环,外渗,一个d建立macrometastasis 在遥远的站点。小鼠异种移植和基因工程小鼠(GEM)模型均已用于研究肺癌转移。GEM模型模仿了人类肺癌的遗传标记,例如TP53 ,K- ras 和LKB1,为研究转移过程的机制以及研究新型抗癌剂如何影响转移过程提供了免疫系统(Dutt和Wong ,2006年)。 ; Zheng ...

Comments