| Lipid Droplet Isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves
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Author:
Date:
2020-12-20
[Abstract] Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid aggregates surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and specific proteins. In plants, they play a key role as energy source after seed germination, but are also formed in vegetative tissues in response to developmental or environmental conditions, where their functions are poorly understood. To elucidate these, it is essential to isolate LDs with good yields, while retaining their protein components. LD isolation protocols are based on their capacity to float after centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Early strategies using stringent conditions and LD-abundant plant tissues produced pure LDs where core proteins were identified. To identify more weakly bound LD proteins, recent protocols have used low stringency buffers, but carryover contaminants and ...
[摘要] [摘要]脂质滴（LDs）是被磷脂单层和特定蛋白质包围的中性脂质聚集体。在植物中，它们在种子发芽后作为能源起着关键作用，但由于发育或环境条件而对其功能了解甚少，它们也在营养组织中形成。为了阐明这些，必须分离出具有高产率的LD，同时保留其蛋白质成分。LD分离方案基于其在蔗糖梯度中离心后的漂浮能力。早期使用严格条件和LD丰富的植物组织的策略产生了可鉴定核心蛋白的纯LD。为了鉴定更弱结合的LD蛋白，最近的研究otocols使用了低严格性的缓冲液，但是残留污染物和低收率通常是个问题。我们已经开发了一种基于蔗糖梯度的方案，可使用Tween-20和新鲜组织从拟南芥叶中分离LD，以提高产量。在健康和细菌感染的拟南芥叶片中，该方案均允许鉴定LD蛋白，随后通过显微镜分析对其进行确认。
背景]脂质降住所（LD）的通过由磷脂单层，其中LD蛋白插入包围的中性脂质核心组成的细胞器（Tzen等人，1993） 。LD首先被描述为稳定的隔室，用于在特殊组织中存储高能脂质。然而，最近的评论将LDs描述为大多数细胞类型中存在的高度动态的细胞器，其功能超越了单纯的能量存储（Shimada等人，2018; Huang，2018; Shao等人，2019）。
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| TetR Regulated in vivo Repression Technology to Identify Conditional Gene Silencing in Genetically Engineerable Bacteria Using Vibrio cholerae Murine Infections as Model System
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Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract] Investigation of bacterial gene regulation upon environmental changes is still a challenging task. For example, Vibrio cholerae, a pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract, faces diverse transient conditions in different compartments upon oral ingestion. Genetic reporter systems have been demonstrated to be extremely powerful tools to unravel gene regulation events in complex conditions, but so far focused mainly on gene induction. Herein, we describe the TetR-controlled recombination-based in vivo expression technology TRIVET, which allows detection of gene silencing events. TRIVET resembles a modified variant of the in vivo expression technology (IVET) as well as recombination-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET), which were used to ...
[摘要] [摘要]研究细菌基因对环境变化的调控仍然是一项艰巨的任务。例如，人胃肠道的病原体霍乱弧菌在口服后会在不同的隔室中遇到各种短暂的状况。事实证明，遗传报告系统是揭示复杂条件下基因调控事件的极有力工具，但到目前为止，它主要集中在基因诱导上。在本文中，我们描述了基于TetR控制的重组的体内表达技术TRIVET，该技术可检测基因沉默事件。TRIVET类似于体内表达技术（IVET）以及基于重组的体内变异体 表达技术（RIVET），用于鉴定宿主定殖过程中几种细菌的条件基因诱导。像它的前辈一样，TRIVET是一个基于单细胞的报告系统，可以通过耐药谱的表型变化以时空方式分析细菌基因的阻遏。简而言之，无启动子的tetR （编码转录阻遏物TetR）可通过转座子诱变随机地整合到细菌基因组中，或通过同源重组在目标启动子的下游特异性整合到细菌基因组中。的TetR导致的去阻遏的转录表达的减少的TetR控制解离TNPR，这反过来又导致切除ö F A Ñ抗生素抗性盒（也称为RES-盒）和改变的电阻曲线可观察到的通过划线上氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素板。然后可以将这种改变量化为抗性和非抗性分离株之间的比例。此外，新引入的第二报道基因，promot erless ...
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| Construction and Cloning of Minigenes for in vivo Analysis of Potential Splice Mutations
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Author:
Date:
2018-03-05
[Abstract] Disease-associated mutations influencing mRNA splicing are referred to as splice mutations. The majority of splice mutations are found on exon-intron boundaries defining canonical donor and acceptor splice sites. However, mutations in the coding region (exonic mutations) can also affect mRNA splicing. Exact knowledge of the disease mechanism of splice mutations is essential for developing optimal treatment strategies. Given the large number of disease-associated mutations thus far identified, there is an unmet need for methods to systematically analyze the effects of pathogenic mutations on mRNA splicing. As splicing can vary between cell types, splice mutations need to be tested under native conditions if possible. A commonly used tool for the analysis of mRNA splicing is the ...
[摘要] 影响mRNA剪接的疾病相关突变称为剪接突变。大多数剪接突变位于确定典型供体和受体剪接位点的外显子 - 内含子边界上。然而，编码区中的突变（外显子突变）也可影响mRNA剪接。准确了解剪接突变的疾病机制对于开发最佳治疗策略至关重要。鉴于迄今为止鉴定的大量疾病相关突变，尚未满足对系统分析致病突变对mRNA剪接的影响的方法的需求。由于不同细胞类型之间的拼接可能不同，如果可能的话，拼接突变需要在天然条件下进行测试。一种常用的分析mRNA剪接的工具是携带外显子和内含子序列的小基因的构建。在这里，我们描述了设计和克隆到重组腺相关病毒（rAAV）载体中用于基因递送和在本地环境中调查mRNA剪接的方案。该协议是为了基于小基因的视网膜细胞中mRNA剪接分析而开发的，但是原则上它适用于任何可以用rAAV载体转导的细胞类型。
【背景】预计大部分疾病相关突变（至少15％）会导致异常的mRNA剪接（Cartegni等，2002; Singh和Cooper，2012; Sterne-Weiler和Sanford，2014年）。 '经典'剪接突变是影响定义5'和3'剪接位点（分别为供体和受体剪接位点）的规范序列的突变。然而，剪接突变也可能发生在其他非编码区和编码区（Wang和Cooper，2007; ...
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