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Weighing Scale

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 20031
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A Time Duration Discrimination Task for the Study of Elapsed Time Processing in Rats
Author:
Date:
2021-03-20
[Abstract]  

Space and time are both essential features of episodic memory. However, while spatial tasks have been used effectively to study the behavioral relevance of place cells, the behavioral paradigms utilized for the study of time cells have not used time duration as a variable that animals need to be aware of to solve the task. In order to evaluate how time flow is coded into memory, time duration needs to be a variable that animals use to solve the behavioral task. This protocol describes a novel behavioral paradigm, the time duration discrimination (TDD) task, which is designed to directly investigate the neurological mechanisms that underlie temporal processing. During the TDD task, rats navigate around a Figure-8 Maze, which contains a rectangular track with a central arm and a delay box

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[摘要]  [摘要]空间和时间都是情节记忆的基本特征。但是,尽管空间任务已被有效地用于研究位置细胞的行为相关性,但用于研究时间细胞的行为范例并未将持续时间用作动物解决任务需要注意的变量。为了评估如何 时间流被编码到内存中,持续时间必须是动物用来解决行为任务的变量。该协议描述了一种新颖的行为范式,即持续时间歧视(TDD)任务,该任务旨在直接研究构成时态处理基础的神经机制。在TDD任务中,老鼠绕着8字形迷宫导航,该迷宫包含一个带有中央臂和中央臂末端的延迟盒的矩形轨道。虽然局限于延迟盒,但是老鼠会经历10或20秒的时间延迟,在此期间,声音会在10或20秒的延迟时间内播放。当延迟框打开,将大鼠会选择是否打开的延迟框的左或右出并接收奖励正确选择(例如,10秒=左转弯; 20秒钟右转)。通过直接操纵经过的时间,我们可以更好地探索海马时间细胞的行为相关性,以及海马神经元生理记录中看到的时间依赖性活动是否反映了时间流的神经元表示形式,动物可以将其用于学习和存储记忆。

图形摘要:

大鼠经过时间持续时间的判别



[背景]情景记忆的形成以时间和空间背景下事件的组织为特征。先前的研究已经确定了在特定位置触发的位置细胞和在体验中顺序触发的时间细胞,从而提供了这种情境化和组织化发生在海马体中的证据(MacDonald等,2011; ...

Behavioral Evaluation of Seeking and Preference of Alcohol in Mice Subjected to Stress
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  The alcohol preference model is one of the most widely used animal models relevant to alcoholism. Stressors increase alcohol consumption. Here we present a protocol for a rapid and useful tool to test alcohol preference and stress-induced alcohol consumption in mice. In this model, animals are given two bottles, one with a diluted solution of ethanol in water, and the other with tap water. Consumption from each bottle is monitored over a 24-h period over several days to assess the animal’s relative preference for the ethanol solution over water. In the second phase, animals are stressed by restraining them for an hour daily and their subsequent preference of tap water or the ethanol solution is evaluated. Preference is measured by the volume and/or weight or liquid consumed daily, which ... [摘要]  酒精偏好模型是与酒精中毒相关的最广泛使用的动物模型之一。压力源增加酒精消耗。在这里,我们提出了一个快速和有用的工具协议,以测试小鼠的酒精偏好和压力诱导的酒精消费。在该模型中,给动物两瓶,一瓶用乙醇在水中稀释的溶液,另一瓶用自来水。在几天内监测每瓶的消耗24小时,以评估动物对乙醇溶液相对于水的相对偏好。在第二阶段,通过每天约束它们一小时来对动物施加压力,并评估它们随后对自来水或乙醇溶液的偏好。优选通过每日消耗的体积和/或重量或液体来测量,然后将其转换为优选比率。将酒精偏好模型与条件性位置偏好范例相结合,以确定DAT- Cnr2 > Cre重组条件性敲除(cKO)小鼠中多巴胺能神经元中CB2大麻素受体缺失后的酒精调节和偏好。与野生型对照小鼠比较。

【背景】可以通过动物模型研究酒精中毒和饮酒的许多方面。酒精诱导积极的强化,动物可以寻求酒精,甚至为它工作。然而,酒精也可以是负面强化,因为它能够减少焦虑。没有动物模型能够复制酗酒的复杂特征。口服乙醇自我施用被广泛用于检查与理解酒精中毒相关的行为和生理学的特定方面(Mardones和Segovia-Riquelme,1983; Cunningham 等人,>,2000)。小鼠可以在细胞类型特异性水平上进行遗传操作,因此对于研究酒精中毒的细胞类型特异性遗传决定因素是有价值的。

酒精偏好模型是与酒精中毒相关的最广泛使用的动物模型之一。该模型符合重要标准,即乙醇应自口服(Cicero,1980; ...

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