| Preparing Viable Hippocampal Slices from Adult Mice for the Study of Sharp Wave-ripples
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-10-05
[Abstract] We describe a protocol for preparing acute brain slices which can produce robust hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) in vitro. The protocol is optimized for its simplicity and reliability for the preparation of solutions, slicing, and recovery incubation. Most slices in almost every mouse prepared though the protocol expressed vigorous spontaneous SWRs for ~24 h, compared to the 20-30% viability from "standard" low sodium slicing protocols. SWRs are spontaneous neuronal activity in the hippocampus and are essential for consolidation of episodic memory. Brain slices reliably expressing SWRs are useful for studying memory impairment and brain degeneration diseases in ex vivo experiments. Spontaneous expression of SWRs is sensitive to conditions of slicing and ...
[摘要] [摘要]我们描述了一种制备急性脑切片的方案，该方案可在体外产生强大的海马锐波波纹（SWR）。该协议经过优化，其简单性和可靠性可用于制备溶液，切片和恢复孵育。通过该协议，几乎每只小鼠中的大多数切片都表现出强烈的自发性SWR，持续约24小时，而“标准”低钠切片协议的生存力为20-30％。SWR是海马的自发性神经元活动，对于巩固发作性记忆至关重要。可靠表达SWR的脑片可用于研究离体的记忆障碍和脑退化疾病实验。SWR的自发表达对记录期间的切片和灌注/充氧条件敏感。SWR的振幅和丰度通常用作可行切片的生物标记。关键改进包括快速循环，切片后较长的恢复时间（3-6小时）以及使组织在32岁时恢复°C在充分灌注的培养箱中。我们定制设备中的切片可以表达自发SWR数小时，这表明在本地网络中具有平衡的激发和抑制作用的时间很长。年龄较大的小鼠（约产后180天）的切片显示出与年龄较小的小鼠（产后21-30）相似的生存力。
[背景]急性脑切片已成为电生理学和其他神经科学研究的重要准备。尽管有大量文献描述了脑切片的用法，但通常不那么详细地讨论可靠地生产可行切片的方案。来自年长动物的切片通常不太可行。通常使用健康的细胞形态和神经元的电生理特性来描述脑切片的活力。但是，组织中看起来健康的神经元并不总是转化为正常的网络行为。例如，用标准蔗糖替代方案制备的薄片（例如，Aghajanian和Rasmussen ...
|
|
|
| Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Exosomes from Fibroblast Cultures of Skeletal Muscle
|
|
Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract] Exosomes are dynamic nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells and are present in all biological fluids. Given their highly heterogeneous content exosomes have been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes that they exert by influencing cell-cell and cell-ECM communication. In recent years an increasing number of methods have been established for the purification and characterization of exosomes. These include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, immune capture and precipitation using a proprietary polymer. Here, we provide a protocol based on differential ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradients tailored for the isolation of crude and ultra-pure exosomes from primary fibroblast cultures derived from adult mouse skeletal ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 外来体是几乎所有细胞分泌的动态纳米囊泡，并存在于所有生物体液中。鉴于它们的异质含量很高，外泌体已牵涉到它们通过影响细胞-细胞和细胞-ECM通讯而发挥的许多生理和病理过程。近年来，已经建立了越来越多的方法外泌体的纯化和表征。其中包括超速离心，超滤，尺寸排阻色谱，免疫捕获和使用专有聚合物的沉淀。在这里，我们提供了基于差分超速离心和蔗糖密度梯度的协议，该协议专门用于从成年小鼠骨骼肌衍生的原代成纤维细胞培养物中分离粗制和超纯外泌体。可以对该协议进行修改和修改，以从各种组织和体液中分离和表征外泌体。
背景 ] ë xosomes是单膜，异质纳米囊泡直径范围从30至150nm，secre 由所有细胞和存在于几乎所有的体液泰德。外泌体中存在的可溶性和膜大分子，mRNA，microRNA的光谱取决于代谢状态以及分泌这些纳米囊泡的细胞的发育起源。由于它们的货物组成，外泌体可以启动接收细胞中的信号传导途径，并参与了发育，免疫和正常组织生理的维持。在神经退行性疾病，纤维化和癌症等疾病条件下，它们被证明可以触发和传播病理刺激（Rackov 等，2018; Gurunathan 等，2019; van de Vlekkert 等，2019）。在这里，我们描述了从成年小鼠腓肠肌（GA）肌肉建立的成纤维细胞培养物中纯化外泌体的方案（van de Vlekkert ...
|
|
|