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Citric Acid

Citric Acid

Company: Wako Pure Chemical Industries
Catalog#: 030-05525
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Time-of-addition and Temperature-shift Assays to Determine Particular Step(s) in the Viral Life Cycle that is Blocked by Antiviral Substance(s)
Author:
Date:
2018-05-05
[Abstract]  Viruses infect their host cells to produce progeny virus particles through the sequential steps of the viral life cycle, such as viral attachment, entry, penetration and post-entry events. This protocol describes time-of-addition and temperature-shift assays that are employed to explore which step(s) in the viral life cycle is blocked by an antiviral substance(s). [摘要]  病毒通过病毒生命周期的连续步骤感染它们的宿主细胞以产生子代病毒颗粒,例如病毒附着,进入,穿透和进入后事件。 该协议描述了用于探索病毒生命周期中的哪个或哪些步骤被抗病毒物质阻断的添加时间(time-of-addition)和温度变化分析。

【背景】病毒是专门的细胞内寄生虫,它们劫持宿主细胞机制来复制它们自己的基因组。病毒的生命周期通过感染性病毒颗粒(病毒粒子)附着(结合)到宿主细胞表面并将其穿透(内化,融合)到细胞内区室中进行,其中病毒粒子脱壳(分解)发生,然后是病毒基因组转录/复制,病毒蛋白质合成和病毒体组装,最终导致感染细胞产生和释放子代病毒体(Scheel and Rice,2013)。

为了探索病毒生命周期的哪个或哪些步骤被抗病毒物质阻断,进行药物添加时间实验。简而言之,在病毒接种细胞的不同时间点将病毒和/或宿主细胞添加到病毒和/或宿主细胞中(Chen等人,2017):(1)预处理在病毒接种前带有抗病毒物质的细胞检查该物质是否可以阻断病毒受体以抑制病毒与宿主细胞的附着或者是否可以诱导产生抗病毒宿主因子如干扰素。 (2)对病毒进行预处理,然后将处理过的病毒接种到细胞中,检查抗病毒物质的杀病毒活性或中和活性。 (3)病毒接种期间细胞和病毒的共同处理检查病毒进入步骤的抗病毒效果,包括杀病毒(中和)活性和阻断病毒附着和细胞渗透。 ...

Determination of D-galactofuranose Content of Galactomannoproteins in Aspergillus nidulans
Author:
Date:
2014-09-05
[Abstract]  Galactofuranose (Galf) is a component of several polysaccharides and glycoconjugates in certain species of filamentous fungi. Galf residues are frequently found in Aspergillus glycoproteins, including N-glycans and O-mannose glycans that modify many cell wall proteins and extracellular enzymes. It is known that furanoses, contained in oligosaccharides, are detected as pyranoses after hydrolysis, and that D-galactopyranose is not contained in the galactomannoproteins of Aspergillus spp. To determine the levels of D-galactofuranose in galactomannoproteins extracted from Aspergillus nidulans (A. nidulans), we measured the amount of D-galactopyranose production after galactomannoproteins hydrolysis. The method described ... [摘要]  半乳糖呋喃糖(Galactofuranose)(Gal ff)是某些种类的丝状真菌中几种多糖和糖缀合物的组分。 Gal< em>残基经常在曲霉属糖蛋白中发现,包括修饰许多蛋白质的聚糖和 细胞壁蛋白和细胞外酶。 已知包含在寡糖中的呋喃糖在水解后被检测为吡喃糖,并且D-吡喃半乳糖不包含在曲霉属的半乳糖蛋白中。 为了测定从构巢曲霉(构巢曲霉)提取的半乳糖蛋白中的D-半乳糖呋喃糖的水平,我们测量了半乳糖蛋白水解后D-吡喃半乳糖产生的量。 该手稿中描述的方法允许确定曲霉属中半乳糖甘露糖蛋白的D-半乳糖呋喃糖含量。

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