{{'Search' | translate}}
 

Test tubes

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 14-961-27
Bio-protocol()
Company-protocol()
Other protocol()

In vitro Analysis of Ubiquitin-like Protein Modification in Archaea
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  The ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein is widely distributed in Archaea and involved in many cellular pathways. A well-established method to reconstitute archaeal Ubl protein conjugation in vitro is important to better understand the process of archaeal Ubl protein modification. This protocol describes the in vitro reconstitution of Ubl protein modification and following analysis of this modification in Haloferax volcanii, a halophilic archaeon serving as the model organism. [摘要]  泛素样(Ubl)蛋白广泛分布于古细菌中并参与许多细胞途径。 为了更好地理解古细菌Ub1蛋白质修饰的过程,重建体外古细菌Ubl蛋白质缀合物的完善方法是很重要的。 该协议描述了Ubl蛋白质修饰的体外重建以及在作为模型生物的嗜盐古细菌Haloferax volcanii 中对这种修饰进行分析。

【背景】泛素(Ub)与靶蛋白共价连接的过程被称为泛素化,其控制真核细胞中大量的细胞过程(Glickman和Ciechanover,2002; Komander和Rape,2012)。遍在蛋白化由一系列酶(包括Ub激活酶(E1),Ub结合酶(E2s)和Ub连接酶(E3s))催化。泛素化的体外重建是确定酶之间或E3与蛋白质底物之间特异性的有用测定法(Zhao等人,2012)。在古细菌中,Ubl蛋白SAMP采用Ub折叠,并且与E1样酶UbaA催化的蛋白靶标异肽连接[Maupin-Furlow,(2014)综述]。尽管E1同系物在古细菌中广泛存在,但基于一级序列比较,在大多数古细菌中未预测经典E2或E3酶。我们最近对Haloferax volcanii的研究表明甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A(MsrA)是Ubl蛋白质修饰(sampylation)与UbaA一起在体内温和的氧化条件下和< (体外)(fu="">

Quantification of Hydrogen Sulfide and Cysteine Excreted by Bacterial Cells
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  Bacteria release cysteine to moderate the size of their intracellular pools. They can also evolve hydrogen sulfide, either through dissimilatory reduction of oxidized forms of sulfur or through the deliberate or inadvertent degradation of intracellular cysteine. These processes can have important consequences upon microbial communities, because excreted cysteine autoxidizes to generate hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen sulfide is a potentially toxic species that can block aerobic respiration by inhibiting cytochrome oxidases. Lead acetate strips can be used to obtain semiquantitative data of sulfide evolution (Oguri et al., 2012). Here we describe methods that allow more-quantitative and discriminatory measures of cysteine and hydrogen sulfide release from bacterial cells. An ... [摘要]  细菌释放半胱氨酸以调节细胞内池的大小。它们也可以通过硫的氧化形式的异化还原或通过细胞内半胱氨酸的故意或无意降解来释放硫化氢。这些过程会对微生物群落产生重要影响,因为排泄的半胱氨酸会自动氧化生成过氧化氢,而硫化氢是一种潜在的毒性物种,可通过抑制细胞色素氧化酶来阻断有氧呼吸。醋酸铅条可用于获得硫化物演化的半定量数据(Oguri et al。,2012)。在这里,我们描述的方法,允许更多的定量和歧视措施半胱氨酸和硫化氢释放细菌细胞。提供了一个说明性实例,其中当暴露于外源性胱氨酸时,大肠杆菌迅速产生半胱氨酸和硫化物(Chonoles Imlay等人,2015; Korshunov等人, ,2016)。

【背景】微生物通过几种途径产生了减少的硫物质。硫酸盐还原菌利用还原过程作为能量生成的组成部分。其他细菌释放硫化物,作为硫物质(包括半胱氨酸)的蓄意或偶然降解的副产物。我们观察到半胱氨酸本身是在细胞内水平异常高时排泄的,这种情况可能通过不受控制的氨基酸输入或半胱氨酸合成失调发生。这些硫物质具有非同寻常的反应性,因为它们以高亲和力与金属结合,也是与分子氧发生化学反应的少数生物分子之一。结果是减少的硫化合物可以对细胞产生重要影响。因此,跟踪各种情况下含硫化合物的动态变化是非常重要的。

硫醇试剂 - 特别是5,5-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB) ...

An Improved Method for Measuring Chromatin-binding Dynamics Using Time-dependent Formaldehyde Crosslinking
Author:
Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  Formaldehyde crosslinking is widely used in combination with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to measure the locations along DNA and relative levels of transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions in vivo. However, the measurements that are typically made do not provide unambiguous information about the dynamic properties of these interactions. We have developed a method to estimate binding kinetic parameters from time-dependent formaldehyde crosslinking data, called crosslinking kinetics (CLK) analysis. Cultures of yeast cells are crosslinked with formaldehyde for various periods of time, yielding the relative ChIP signal at particular loci. We fit the data using the mass-action CLK model to extract kinetic parameters of the TF-chromatin interaction, including the on- and ... [摘要]  甲醛交联广泛用于与染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)相结合来测量沿着DNA的相对位置以及转录因子(TF)-DNA相互作用的体内相对水平。但是,通常所做的测量不能提供关于这些交互的动态属性的明确信息。我们已经开发了一种方法来评估来自时间依赖性甲醛交联数据的结合动力学参数,称为交联动力学(CLK)分析。酵母细胞的培养物与甲醛交联不同的时间段,在特定位点产生相对的ChIP信号。我们使用质量作用CLK模型来拟合数据,以提取TF-染色质相互作用的动力学参数,包括开关速率和交联速率。从停车费和停车费中我们可以获得停车和停车时间。以下方案是该方法的第二次迭代,CLKv2,更新了改进的交联和淬火条件,更多关于交联速率的信息以及对观察到的动力学模型建模的系统程序。已应用CLKv2分析来研究TATA结合蛋白(TBP)和其他TF的选定子集的结合行为。该协议使用酵母细胞开发,但也可适用于来自其他生物体的细胞。

【背景】转录起始是一个复杂的过程,涉及染色质化启动子上数十种蛋白的协作和协调相互作用(Kim等人,2005; Encode Consortium,2012; Rhee等人, ,2012; Dowen等人,2014年)。许多研究已经研究了体外核心转录机器的组装和调控(Zawel和Reinberg,1992; Conaway和Conaway,1993; Roeder,1996; ...

Comments