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Glass pipette puller

立式微量移液器

Company: Sutter Instrument
Catalog#: P-30
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In vivo Use of Dextran-based Anterograde Cortical Tracers to Assess the Integrity of the Cortical Spinal Tract
Author:
Date:
2018-05-20
[Abstract]  When injected into the motor cortex of rats, anterograde tracers label fibers of the associated descending corticospinal tract (CST) that originate from pyramidal neurons in the tracer-injected cortex. These fibers can be assessed at the level of the spinal cord to determine the integrity of the descending CST and the spatial distribution of axons in the spinal grey matter. Here we provide detailed methods on the minimally invasive stereotaxic injection of anterograde tracers into the forelimb sensorimotor representation in the rat cortex. In addition, we detail the fixing and processing of spinal tissue for assessment of CST integrity and branching into spinal grey matter. [摘要]  当注射到大鼠运动皮层时,顺行示踪剂标记伴随着皮质脊髓束下行(CST)的起源于示踪剂注射皮层中的锥体神经元的纤维。 这些纤维可以在脊髓水平进行评估以确定下降的CST的完整性和脊髓灰质中轴突的空间分布。 在这里,我们提供了在大鼠皮层前肢感觉运动表征的微创立体定向注射顺行示踪剂的详细方法。 此外,我们详细介绍了脊柱组织的固定和加工,以评估CST的完整性和分支到脊髓灰质。

【背景】运动皮层含有上运动神经元,其产生形成CST的下行轴突并终止于脊髓。注入大鼠运动皮层的顺行示踪剂标记这些CST的降纤维,允许其在脊髓水平进行评估(图1)。在啮齿动物模型中,CST的顺行标记广泛用于评估一系列脊髓损伤模型(包括损伤)中的CST完整性(Thallmair等人,1998; Vavrek等人, 2006)和挫伤(Hill等人,2001)。此外,顺行皮质示踪剂已被用于评估不同模型的脑损伤例如皮质卒中中的遗留纤维和CST的可塑性(Wahl等人,2014; Wiersma等人, ...

Electroporation of Embryonic Chick Eyes
Author:
Date:
2015-06-20
[Abstract]  The chick embryo has prevailed as one of the major models to study developmental biology, cell biology and regeneration. From all the anatomical features of the chick embryo, the eye is one of the most studied. In the chick embryo, the eye develops between 26 and 33 h after incubation (Stages 8-9, Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951). It originates from the posterior region of the forebrain, called the diencephalon. However, the vertebrate eye includes tissues from different origins including surface ectoderm (lens and cornea), anterior neural plate (retina, iris, ciliary body and retinal pigmented epithelium) and neural crest/head mesoderm (stroma of the iris and of the ciliary body as well as choroid, sclera and part of the cornea). After gastrulation, a single eye field originates from the ... [摘要]  鸡胚已成为研究发育生物学,细胞生物学和再生的主要模型之一。从鸡胚的所有解剖特征,眼睛是研究最多的之一。在鸡胚中,眼睛在孵育后26和33小时之间发育(阶段8-9,Hamburger和Hamilton,1951)。它起源于前脑的后部区域,称为间脑。然而,脊椎动物眼睛包括来自不同起源的组织,包括表面外胚层(晶状体和角膜),前神经板(视网膜,虹膜,睫状体和视网膜色素上皮)和神经嵴/头中胚层(虹膜和睫状体的基质以及脉络膜,巩膜和角膜的一部分)。在预处理后,单个眼视野源自前神经板,并且其特征在于协调眼部发育程序的眼场转录因子(EFTF)的表达。在后来的发展中,眼球分成两部分和视囊泡形式。在与透镜阵列几次感应相互作用之后,形成视杯。在阶段14-15,视杯的外层变成视网膜色素上皮(RPE),而内层形成最终分化成视网膜的神经上皮。鸡胚的一个主要优点是进行实验以过表达或下调基因表达在一个地方和时间特异性方式来探索基因功能和调节的可能性。这个协议的目的是描述电穿孔技术在阶段8-12(前神经折叠和光囊泡阶段)和阶段19-26(眼杯,RPE和神经上皮)。我们提供设备,材料和电极设置的完整描述,以及高度可重现的协议的详细描述,包括一些有代表性的结果。该协议已经从我们以前的出版物Luz-Madrigal等人(2014)和Zhu等人(2014)中改编而来。

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