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Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: S2429
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Quantitative Electron Microscopic Assay Using Random Sampling from Single Sections to Test Plastic Synaptic Changes in Hippocampus
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Date:
2018-08-05
[Abstract]  Studies over several decades on the organization of the CA1 hippocampus–a particularly favorable model for learning, memory and certain forms of cognition–have shown that the synaptic network in this brain region is plastic (Fortin et al., 2012). Recent evidence suggests that a number of environmental and endogenous stimuli may have a substantial effect on hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, implying enhanced synaptic plasticity in this brain region. Stimuli (e.g., food restriction, enriched environment, social interaction, gene-loss [knock-out animals], etc.) can trigger structural and functional plasticity (e.g., spine formation, increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and neurogenesis) in the hippocampus (Stewart et al. ... [摘要]  几十年来对CA1海马组织的研究 - 一种特别有利于学习,记忆和某些形式认知的模型 - 已经证明这个大脑区域的突触网络是可塑的(Fortin 等。 ,2012)。最近的证据表明,许多环境和内源性刺激可能对海马依赖性认知功能产生实质性影响,这意味着这个大脑区域的突触可塑性增强。刺激(例如,食物限制,丰富的环境,社会互动,基因丢失[敲除动物],等)可以触发结构和功能的可塑性(例如,,脊柱形成,神经营养因子的表达增加,突触功能和神经发生)(Stewart et al。,1989; Andrade et al。, 2002; Babits et al。,2016)。使用定量电子显微镜,我们可以在短期或长期治疗和/或刺激期间研究啮齿动物中CA1海马的突触神经纤维。在该电子显微镜方法构建体的范围内,可以量化各种突触连接的密度,兴奋性脊柱突触的形态和内部结构(例如,突触后密度的平均长度和宽度)。使用高分辨率电子显微镜的这种定量超微结构测量可以用于观察啮齿动物脑组织中突触可塑性的结构表现。所提出的超微结构方案可以使研究人员能够揭示细节和突触变化,这些变化仅使用光学显微镜可能并不明显。超微结构数据可以为我们理解不同条件下海马突触结构的变化提供实质性进展。

【背景】我们使用单个切片的随机采样进行电子显微镜检查以优化样本大小(每个样本超过约100个图像)并检测对照和治疗动物的突触特征的变化。 ...

Isolation of Intact Vacuoles from Petunia Petals and Extraction of Sequestered Glycosylated Phenylpropanoid Compounds
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Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Plant vacuoles are the largest compartment in plant cells, occupying more than 80% of the cell volume. A variety of proteins, sugars, pigments and other metabolites are stored in these organelles (Paris et al., 1996; Olbrich et al., 2007). Flowers produce a variety of specialized metabolites, some of which are unique to this organ, such as components of pollination syndromes, i.e., scent volatiles and flavonoids (Hoballah et al., 2007; Cna'ani et al., 2015). To study the compounds stored in floral vacuoles, this compartment must be separated from the rest of the cell. To enable isolation of vacuoles, protoplasts were first generated by incubating pierced corollas with cellulase and macrozyme enzymes. After filtering and several centrifugation ... [摘要]  植物液泡是植物细胞中最大的隔室,占细胞体积的80%以上。各种蛋白质,糖,色素和其他代谢物存储在这些细胞器中(Paris et al。,1996; Olbrich et al。,2007)。花产生多种特殊代谢物,其中一些是该器官特有的,如授粉综合征的成分, ie ,气味挥发物和黄酮类化合物(Hoballah et al。, 2007; Cna'ani et al。,2015)。为了研究存储在花液泡中的化合物,必须将该隔室与细胞的其余部分分开。为了能够分离液泡,首先通过将刺穿的花冠与纤维素酶和macrozyme酶一起孵育来产生原生质体。在过滤和几个离心步骤后,通过显微镜观察显示原生质体与碎片和受损/破裂的原生质体分离。裂解浓缩的原生质体,并通过Ficoll梯度离心提取液泡。 Vacuoles用于隔离代谢物的定量GC-MS分析。这种方法使我们能够将空泡识别为糖基化挥发性苯丙酸类的亚细胞聚集位点,并假设共轭气味化合物在通向顶空的途径中被隔离(Cna'ani et al。,2017) 。

【背景】植物空泡占植物细胞中细胞体积的80%。这些细胞器对植物生长和发育至关重要,在整个植物的生命中具有不同的功能。 ...

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