| Viral Double-Stranded RNA Detection by DNase I and Nuclease S1 digestions in Leishmania parasites
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Author:
Date:
2020-05-05
[Abstract] Many RNA viruses are found in protozoan parasites. They can be responsible for more serious pathology or treatment failure. For the detection of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), sequence-dependent and -independent methods are available, such as quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, dot blot, ELISA or sequencing. The technique presented here is sequence-independent and is well detailed in the following protocol, taking the example of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) in Leishmania guyanensis (Lgy) species. To summarise, the protocol is divided into four major steps: RNA extraction from the parasites, RNA purification, enzymatic digestions with DNase I and Nuclease S1, and visualization by gel electrophoresis. This method can be used to detect other viral ...
[摘要] [摘要 ] 原生动物寄生虫中发现了许多RNA病毒,它们可能导致更严重的病理或治疗失败。对于病毒双链RNA(dsRNA)的检测,有序列依赖性和非依赖性方法,例如定量实时PCR和免疫荧光,斑点印迹,ELISA或测序。此处介绍的技术是与序列无关的,并且在以下协议中进行了详细说明,以利什曼原虫(Legymania guyanensis)(Lgy )中的利什曼原虫RNA病毒(LRV)为例 概括地说,该协议分为四个主要步骤:从寄生虫中提取RNA,RNA纯化,使用DNase I和Nuclease S1进行图解消化以及通过凝胶电泳进行可视化。该方法可用于检测其他病毒dsRNA它提供了一个额外的工具,可以对先前引用的其他技术进行补充,并且很容易实现。
[背景 ] 广泛的多样性RNA病毒中存在的原生动物寄生虫一直都有详细记载(王和王,1991;戈什等人,2011;桑戈等人。2014;碱液等人,2016年Akopyants 等人2016 ; Fernandez- Presas 等人,2017; Grybchuk 。等人。,2018)。此外,这些病毒已经被描述为潜在的毒力因子(Fichorova 等人,2013; EL- Gayar 。等人,2016; 拉特等。,2019)特别值得注意的,存在的内共生体。利什曼原虫RNA病毒(LRV),A ...
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| Spectrophotometric Assessment of Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity in Leishmania-infected Macrophages
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Author:
Date:
2020-04-05
[Abstract] Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress responsive enzyme that metabolizes heme and releases free iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV), which rapidly undergoes conversion to bilirubin (BL). Estimation of bilirubin is the basis of HO-1 assay. HO-1 activity is widely employed to determine antioxidant response of cells under different physiological stress environment. Intra-macrophage infection often acts as such a stress inducer and measurement of HO-1 activity in infected cells indicates the ability of pathogens towards modulating oxidative response of host. The present protocol describes analysis of HO-1 activity in infected macrophages by spectrophotometric method, which is much less complex and therefore advantageous over other methods like high-performance liquid chromatography, ...
[摘要] [摘要] 血红素氧合酶-1 (HO-1)是一种应激反应酶,它能代谢血红素并释放出游离的铁,一氧化碳(CO )和胆绿素(BV),并迅速转变为胆红素(BL)。胆红素的估计是HO-1测定的基础。HO-1活性被广泛用于确定在不同生理压力环境下细胞的抗氧化反应。巨噬细胞内感染通常是压力的诱因和测量方法 被感染细胞中HO-1活性的变化表明病原体具有调节宿主氧化反应的能力。本协议描述了通过分光光度法分析感染的巨噬细胞中HO-1活性的方法,该方法不那么复杂,因此比其他方法(例如高效液相色谱法,放射化学方法和通过气相色谱法检测CO)更具优势。主要步骤包括:(1)制备含有HO-1的巨噬细胞微粒级分(2)分离含有biliverdin还原酶的大鼠肝胞质级分,以及(3)通过分光光度法检测胆红素来评估血红素加氧酶-1活性。该方法提供了一种简单而灵敏的方法来测量感染条件下的细胞抗氧化反应。
[背景] 活性氧(ROS)是抵抗巨噬细胞入侵病原体的主要宿主防御武器之一(Missall 等,2004)。另一方面,巨噬细胞内的病原体由于其在巨噬细胞内的成功持久而中和了早期的氧化爆发(Paiva和Bozza,2014年)。为了应对这种氧化压力,生物可以部署宿主细胞的抗氧化酶,例如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)来清除ROS ...
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