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Phosphocreatine disodium salt hydrate

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P7936
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Polyamine Transport Assay Using Reconstituted Yeast Membranes
Author:
Date:
2021-01-20
[Abstract]  

ATP13A2/PARK9 is a late endo-/lysosomal P5B transport ATPase that is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We recently characterized ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter, which sheds light on the molecular identity of the unknown mammalian polyamine transport system. Here, we describe step by step a protocol to measure radiolabeled polyamine transport in reconstituted vesicles from yeast cells overexpressing human ATP13A2. This protocol was developed as part of our recent publication (van Veen et al., 2020) and will be useful for characterizing the transport function of other putative polyamine transporters, such as isoforms of the P5B transport ATPases.

[摘要]  [摘要] ATP13A2 / PARK9是一种晚期内/溶酶体P5B转运ATPase,与多种神经退行性疾病有关。我们最近将ATP13A2表征为溶酶体多胺出口者,这为未知的哺乳动物多胺转运系统的分子身份提供了线索。在这里,我们逐步描述了从过量表达人ATP13A2的酵母细胞中测量重组囊泡中放射性标记的多胺转运的方案。该方案是我们最新出版物的一部分(van Veen等,2020),将有助于表征其他假定的多胺转运蛋白的转运功能,例如P5B转运ATPase的同工型。


[背景] ATP13A2 / PARK9编码一种普遍表达的晚期内-/溶酶体膜蛋白,与一系列神经退行性疾病有关,例如早发性帕金森氏病(Di Fonzo等,2007 ;Lin等,2008)和Kufor -Rakeb综合征(伴痴呆的早期帕金森病)(Ramirez等,2006 ;Park等,2011)。ATP13A2属于P型转运ATPase ,是一类活性转运蛋白,由于ATP水解而暂时形成磷酸中间产物(Kuhlbrandt ,2004年)。ATP13A2是P5亚家族的成员,该家族已在20多年前通过基因组测序鉴定出来(Axelsen和Palmgren ...

An in vitro Assay to Screen for Substrates of PKA Using Phospho-motif-specific Antibodies
Author:
Date:
2020-04-20
[Abstract]  Kinases function as regulators of many cellular processes such as cell migration. These enzymes typically phosphorylate target motif sequences. Mass spec or phospho-specific antibody detection can be used to determine whether a kinase can phosphorylate proteins of interest, however, mass spec can be expensive and phospho-antibodies for the protein of interest may not exist. In this protocol, we will describe an in vitro kinase assay to provide a preliminary readout on whether a protein of interest may be phosphorylated by PKA. Our protein of interest is purified after expression in bacteria and treated with recombinant PKA from bovine heart. Protein is then extracted and a western blot is performed using a phospho-specific antibody for PKA’s target motif. This will allow us to ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 激酶可充当许多细胞过程(例如细胞迁移)的调节剂,这些酶通常可磷酸化靶基序序列,质谱或磷酸特异性抗体检测可用于确定激酶是否可磷酸化目标蛋白。能成为规格昂贵和磷酸化抗体蛋白的兴趣可能就不存在。在这个协议中,我们将介绍一种在体外 激酶测定法可提供有关目的蛋白是否可被PKA磷酸化的初步读数。我们的目的蛋白在细菌中表达后纯化,并用牛心脏的重组PKA处理,然后提取蛋白,并使用蛋白印迹进行蛋白质印迹磷酸化针对PKA靶标的特异性抗体,这将使我们能够快速确定PKA是否可能使我们感兴趣的蛋白质磷酸化。

[背景 ] 激素和其他因素会通过G连接的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)激活腺苷酸环化酶并随后促进第二信使cAMP的产生,从而影响细胞迁移等细胞过程。cAMP水平升高会导致PKA激活,丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶在迁移细胞中肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学的调节中起着重要作用.PKA影响肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节过程的不同方面,包括a)Rho-fa 微小GTPases (Rho,Rac 和Cdc42)的调节活性, B)肌动蛋白结合蛋白(例如,VASP [血管舒张兴奋剂的UI Ated磷蛋白]),C)激酶间接地控制肌动蛋白结合蛋白(的作用例如,P21活化激酶)和d)肌球蛋白(豪,2004) 。但是,PKA和其他激酶也可以通过磷酸化调节其他蛋白质,目前尚不知道。

有M 的UI ...

A Method for SUMO Modification of Proteins in vitro
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  The Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is a protein that is post-translationally added to and reversibly removed from other proteins in eukaryotic cells. SUMO and enzymes of the SUMO pathway are well conserved from yeast to humans and SUMO modification regulates a variety of essential cellular processes including transcription, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. One of the challenges in studying SUMO modification in vivo is the relatively low steady-state level of a SUMO-modified protein due in part to the activity of SUMO deconjugating enzymes known as SUMO Isopeptidases or SENPs. Fortunately, the use of recombinant SUMO enzymes makes it possible to study SUMO modification in vitro. Here, we describe a sensitive method for ... [摘要]  小泛素相关修饰物(SUMO)是一种蛋白质,其翻译后添加到真核细胞中并可逆地从其他蛋白质中去除。 SUMO和SUMO途径的酶从酵母到人类都很保守,SUMO修饰调节了多种基本细胞过程,包括转录,染色质重塑,DNA损伤修复和细胞周期进程。 研究SUMO修饰体内的挑战之一是SUMO修饰蛋白的相对低的稳态水平,部分原因是SUMO去缀合酶(SUMO Isopeptidases或SENPs)的活性。 幸运的是,使用重组SUMO酶可以在体外研究SUMO修饰。 在这里,我们描述了一种灵敏的方法,用于检测目标人类蛋白质的SUMO修饰,使用来自兔网织红细胞和放射性标记的氨基酸的体外转录和翻译系统。
【背景】与其他泛素蛋白家族修饰一样,SUMO修饰通过ATP依赖性酶促级联发生,涉及E1激活酶(人类中的Aos1 / Uba2异二聚体),E2结合酶(Ubc9)和许多E3连接之一的连续活性。酶(Gareau和Lima,2010)。具有SUMO缀合共有位点的蛋白质ΨKxE(Ψ是疏水残基,其后是赖氨酸,任何氨基酸和谷氨酸),可以通过哺乳动物中表达的一种或几种SUMO旁系同源物(包括SUMO1,SUMO2)进行有效修饰。或SUMO3(统称为SUMO2 / 3,因为它们的序列同源性为97%)(Gareau和Lima,2010; Flotho和Melchior,2013)。 ...

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