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Phenol Red

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: P3532
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Preparation of Cerebellum Granule Neurons from Mouse or Rat Pups and Evaluation of Clostridial Neurotoxin Activity and Their Inhibitors by Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry
Author:
Date:
2018-07-05
[Abstract]  Cerebellar Granule Neurons (CGN) from post-natal rodents have been widely used as a model to study neuronal development, physiology and pathology. CGN cultured in vitro maintain the same features displayed in vivo by mature cerebellar granule cells, including the development of a dense neuritic network, neuronal activity, neurotransmitter release and the expression of neuronal protein markers. Moreover, CGN represent a convenient model for the study of Clostridial Neurotoxins (CNT), most notably known as Tetanus and Botulinum neurotoxins, as they abundantly express both CNT receptors and intraneuronal substrates, i.e., Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptors (SNARE proteins). Here, we describe a protocol for obtaining a highly pure ... [摘要]  来自产后啮齿动物的小脑颗粒神经元(CGN)已被广泛用作研究神经元发育,生理学和病理学的模型。 CGN体外培养维持成熟小脑颗粒细胞在体内显示的相同特征,包括发育致密的神经炎网络,神经元活动,神经递质释放和神经元的表达 蛋白质标记。 此外,CGN代表了梭菌神经毒素(CNT)研究的便利模型,最着名的是破伤风和肉毒杆菌神经毒素,因为它们大量表达CNT受体和神经元内基质, ie ,可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺 - 敏感因子激活蛋白受体(SNARE蛋白)。 在这里,我们描述了从出生后大鼠/小鼠获得高纯度CGN培养物的方案和用CNT中毒的简便方法。 我们还说明了评估CNT活性及其抑制的方便方法。

【背景】梭菌神经毒素(CNT)的大家族由破伤风神经毒素(TeNT)和肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)的多种变体形成,它们分别是破伤风和肉毒中毒的神经麻痹毒素(Schiavo et al。,2000; Johnson和Montecucco,2008; Rossetto et al。,2014)。 TeNT,七种BoNT血清型(BoNT / A至/ G)及其许多亚型是金属蛋白酶,通过切割SNARE蛋白(可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子激活蛋白受体),三种必需蛋白质来阻断神经递质的释放而引起神经麻痹。控制突触小泡与突触前质膜的融合(Rossetto et al。,2014; ...

Isolation and Maintenance of Murine Embryonic Striatal Neurons
Author:
Date:
2018-04-20
[Abstract]  Primary cultures of murine striatal neurons are widely used to explore cellular mechanisms in neurobiology, including brain diseases. Here we describe a detailed and standardized protocol to dissect and culture embryonic murine striatal neurons GABA-positive/DARPP-32-positive for 12 days in vitro, when they show good neuronal cell connectivity and the presence of dendritic spines, which reflects the maturation of the network. [摘要]  小鼠纹状体神经元的原代培养物被广泛用于探索神经生物学中的细胞机制,包括脑部疾病。 在这里,我们描述了一个详细和标准化的协议解剖和文化胚胎小鼠纹状体神经元GABA阳性/ DARPP-32阳性12天体外,当他们显示良好的神经元细胞连接性和存在的树突 刺,反映了网络的成熟。

【背景】纹状体是运动和奖励系统的重要组成部分,纹状体神经元的功能障碍可导致各种神经元疾病,从强迫性行为(Welch et al。,2007)到神经退行性疾病,如在亨廷顿病中观察到的(Reiner等,1988)。因此,一个良好建立的纹状体文化可能是一个很有价值的研究这些和其他条件的模型。成年纹状体中的主要神经元亚型是中型多刺投射神经元(MSNs),其占所有纹状体神经元的约95%并使用抑制性递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。它们具有中等大小的细胞体,复杂的树突状乔木和高密度的树突棘,可同时接受谷氨酸能和多巴胺输入。其余5%的神经元由GABA能神经间神经元组成(Graveland和DiFiglia,1985; ...

Generation of Chemically Induced Liver Progenitors (CLiPs) from Rat Adult Hepatocytes
Author:
Date:
2018-01-20
[Abstract]  Primary mature hepatocytes (MHs) or their progenitor cells are candidate cell sources for cell transplantation therapy in severe liver diseases. However, stable culture of these cells or generation of equivalent cells from pluripotent stem cells has been limited. Using a cocktail of small molecules that we previously found useful in stable culture of multiple types of stem/progenitor cells, we recently established a novel method to generate bipotent liver progenitor cells, named chemically induced liver progenitors (CLiPs), from adult rat MHs. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the induction of rat CLiPs. We first describe the method to isolate primary rat MHs and then describe how to induce CLiPs from these MHs. In addition, we describe a method to evaluate the bipotentiality of ... [摘要]  原代成熟肝细胞(MH)或其祖细胞是重症肝病中细胞移植治疗的候选细胞来源。然而,这些细胞的稳定培养或多能干细胞的等效细胞的产生受到限制。我们使用先前在多种类型的干/祖细胞稳定培养中发现有用的小分子混合物,最近建立了一种从成年大鼠MHs产生双能肝脏祖细胞(命名为化学诱导肝祖细胞(CLiPs))的新方法。在这里,我们描述了诱导大鼠CLiPs的详细方案。我们首先描述分离原代鼠MH的方法,然后描述如何从这些MH中诱导CLiPs。另外,我们描述了一种评估产生的CLiPs分化成肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞的双能性的方法。我们还介绍了如何通过长期的文化和详细的示例数据建立稳定的CLiP。可以在2周内产生初级CLiPs,并且可以在2.5-4个月内建立经历10次传代的稳定的CLiPs,批次间变异性。
【背景】对于实现肝病再生医学的新型细胞来源有着强烈的需求。目前唯一的治疗终末期肝病的方法是肝移植,但是由于供者短缺,其应用受到限制。最近,我们小组提出了一种产生能够在体外稳定地扩增的新型LPC的方法,并且可以以广泛的效率重新繁殖慢性肝炎动物模型的损伤肝脏(Katsuda等人, / ...

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