|
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract] Sumoylation controls many cellular processes. Protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), a member of the Ca2+-independent PKC subfamily of kinases, serves as a regulator of T cell activation by mediating the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)- and coreceptor CD28-induced activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 and, to a lesser extent, NFAT, and, subsequently, interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and T cell proliferation. We recently proved that TCR-induced sumoylation of PKC-θ is required for its function in T cells (Wang et al., 2015). Here we describe the method to analyze TCR-induced sumoylation of overexpressed or endogenous PKC-θ, which is carried out by immunoprecipitation of PKC-θ followed by immunoblotting with anti-SUMO1 antibody.
[摘要] 植物细胞壁主要由多糖纤维素，半纤维素和果胶组成。这些组分的结构和组成复杂性对于确定植物生长期间的细胞壁功能是重要的。此外，细胞壁结构限定了植物来源的生物质的多种功能性质，例如食品的流变性质和用于生产纤维素生物燃料的原料适用性。分子生物学实验室中细胞壁化学的典型表征包括用于定量半纤维素和果胶衍生单体的温和酸水解和通过Updegraff方法对纤维素的单独分析。我们采用了一个简化的"一步两步"水解方案，允许通过配对的脉冲安培检测（HPAEC-PAD）的高效阴离子交换层析同时测定纤维素含量，中性糖和糖醛酸样品。在我们的工作中，该方案已经在很大程度上替代了Updegraff纤维素定量和用2μMTFA水解以在微量级上测定基质多糖组成。
[背景] 是基于在121℃下在4％（w/v）硫酸中水解的样品的配对分析。一组样品首先用72％（w/w）硫酸预处理以使纤维素膨胀并使其易于稀释酸水解（图1中的Saeman水解; ...
|
|
Author:
Date:
2013-09-05
[Abstract] Chemoresistance is one of the special properties of cancer stem cells, which is the main cause of chemotherapy failure and plays an important role in the recurrence of various cancers including osteosarcoma. The most widely used assay for evaluating chemoresistance is the modified cell proliferation assay. An equal number of cells are seeded onto 96-well culture plates or 24-well plates, and then different concentrations of anti-cancer drugs are added into each well. After that, measure the cell density or cell activity to observe the effect of anti-cancer drugs to cancer cells or cancer stem cells. The chemoresistance of cells is stronger, the cell density or cell activity is higher. Here, we describe chemosensitivity assays for osteosarcoma cells and osteosarcoma stem-like cells.
[摘要] 化学抗性是癌症干细胞的特殊性质之一，其是化疗失败的主要原因，并且在各种癌症（包括骨肉瘤）的复发中起重要作用。 最广泛使用的用于评价化学抗性的测定法是修饰的细胞增殖测定法。 将等量的细胞接种到96孔培养板或24孔板上，然后将不同浓度的抗癌药物加入每个孔中。 之后，测量细胞密度或细胞活性，观察抗癌药物对癌细胞或癌症干细胞的作用。 细胞的化学抗性更强，细胞密度或细胞活性更高。 在这里，我们描述了骨肉瘤细胞和骨肉瘤干样细胞的化学敏感性测定。
|