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Sodium acetate

醋酸钠

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 71183
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Analysis of Replicative Intermediates of Adeno-associated Virus through Hirt Extraction and Southern Blotting
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Date:
2017-05-05
[Abstract]  Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small single-stranded DNA virus that requires the presence of a helper virus, such as adenovirus or herpes virus, to efficiently replicate its genome. AAV DNA is replicated by a rolling-hairpin mechanism (Ward, 2006), and during replication several DNA intermediates can be detected. This detailed protocol describes how to analyze the AAV DNA intermediates formed during AAV replication using a modified Hirt extract (Hirt, 1967) procedure and Southern blotting (Southern, 1975). [摘要]  腺相关病毒(AAV)是一种小型单链DNA病毒,需要存在辅助病毒,如腺病毒或疱疹病毒,以有效地复制其基因组。 AAV DNA通过滚转发夹机制(Ward,2006)进行复制,并且在复制期间可以检测出几种DNA中间体。该详细方案描述了如何使用改良的Hirt提取物(Hirt,1967)程序和Southern印迹(Southern,1975)分析在AAV复制期间形成的AAV DNA中间体。

背景 AAV DNA复制通过滚动发夹机制在由AAV和辅助病毒如腺病毒或疱疹病毒共感染的细胞中进行(Ward,2006)。 AAV DNA由4.7kb的线性DNA分子和倒置的末端重复(ITR)组成,折叠形成T形发夹结构。 3'末端发夹作为AAV DNA复制的引物。这些发夹结构由AAV Rep蛋白再生,允许进一步复制(Im和Muzyczka,1990)。 AAV DNA的+和 - 链都被包装并且是感染性的(Rose等人,1969)。当分析复制AAV DNA时,可以检测到几种复制中间体(Straus等人,1976)。最丰富的复制中间体是由AAV DNA的一个和一个链形成的线性单体双链体分子,其被认为是将包装在预先形成的衣壳中的后代单链分子的直接前体(Straus ,1976)。二聚体复制中间体也是常见的,AAV复制模型与甚至更大的复制中间体相容。 ...

Rapid Determination of Cellulose, Neutral Sugars, and Uronic Acids from Plant Cell Walls by One-step Two-step Hydrolysis and HPAEC-PAD
Author:
Date:
2016-10-20
[Abstract]  The plant cell wall is primarily composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The structural and compositional complexity of these components are important for determining cell wall function during plant growth. Moreover, cell wall structure defines a number of functional properties of plant-derived biomass, such as rheological properties of foods and feedstock suitability for the production of cellulosic biofuels. A typical characterization of cell wall chemistry in the molecular biology lab consists of a mild acid hydrolysis for the quantification of hemicellulose and pectin-derived monomers and a separate analysis of cellulose by the Updegraff method. We have adopted a streamlined ‘one-step two-step’ hydrolysis protocol that allows for the simultaneous ... [摘要]  植物细胞壁主要由多糖纤维素,半纤维素和果胶组成。这些组分的结构和组成复杂性对于确定植物生长期间的细胞壁功能是重要的。此外,细胞壁结构限定了植物来源的生物质的多种功能性质,例如食品的流变性质和用于生产纤维素生物燃料的原料适用性。分子生物学实验室中细胞壁化学的典型表征包括用于定量半纤维素和果胶衍生单体的温和酸水解和通过Updegraff方法对纤维素的单独分析。我们采用了一个简化的"一步两步"水解方案,允许通过配对的脉冲安培检测(HPAEC-PAD)的高效阴离子交换层析同时测定纤维素含量,中性糖和糖醛酸样品。在我们的工作中,该方案已经在很大程度上替代了Updegraff纤维素定量和用2μMTFA水解以在微量级上测定基质多糖组成。

[背景] 是基于在121℃下在4%(w/v)硫酸中水解的样品的配对分析。一组样品首先用72%(w/w)硫酸预处理以使纤维素膨胀并使其易于稀释酸水解(图1中的Saeman水解; ...

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