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3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride hydrate (DAB): C12H14N4•4HCl•xH2O

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: D5637
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Registration and Alignment Between in vivo Functional and Cytoarchitectonic Maps of Mouse Visual Cortex
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Date:
2018-02-20
[Abstract]  This protocol describes a method for registration of in vivo cortical retinotopic map with cytochrome c oxidase (CO) labeled architectonic maps of the same mouse brain through the alignment of vascular fiducials. By recording surface blood vessel pattern and sequential alignment at each step, this method overcomes the challenge imposed by tissue distortion during perfusion, mounting, sectioning and histology procedures. This method can also be generalized to register and align other types of in vivo functional maps like ocular dominance map and spatial/temporal frequency tuning map with various anatomical maps of mouse cortex. [摘要]  该协议描述了通过血管基准点的对齐使用细胞色素c氧化酶(CO)标记的相同小鼠脑的构建图来注册体内皮质视网膜地图的方法。 通过记录每个步骤的表面血管图案和顺序对准,该方法克服了在灌注,贴壁,切片和组织学程序期间由组织变形所施加的挑战。 这种方法也可以推广到注册和对齐其他类型的体内功能地图,如眼优势地图和空间/时间频率调整地图与小鼠皮层的各种解剖图。

【背景】通过体内视网膜映射(Marshel等人,2011; Garrett等人,),可以将小鼠视觉皮层分隔成功能上不同的视觉区域。 (Olavarria and Montero,1989; Wang and Burkhalter,2007),或者通过建筑结构辅助的神经元追踪技术,这些不同的视觉区域具有不同的响应特性和皮质皮质连接(Andermann等人,2011; Marshel等人,2011; Roth等人, >,2012; Wang等人,2011和2012)。这些结果表明,鼠标视觉区域形成处理不同类型的视觉信息的分离的视觉流(Murakami等人,2017; Smith等人,2017)。在视觉区域地图的背景下研究鼠标视觉系统对于理解视觉皮层的组织是至关重要的。然而,虽然功能图和结构图大致相似,但是这两幅图显示的并不完美(Zhuang et ...

Lentiviral Knockdown of Transcription Factor STAT1 in Peromyscus leucopus to Assess Its Role in the Restriction of Tick-borne Flaviviruses
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  Cellular infection with tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) results in activation of the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and subsequent upregulation of numerous genes termed IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) (Schoggins et al., 2011). Many ISGs function to prevent virus pathogenesis by acting in a broad or specific manner through protein-protein interactions (Duggal and Emerman, 2012). The potency of the IFN signaling response determines the outcome of TBFV infection (Best, 2017; Carletti et al., 2017). Interestingly, data from our lab show that TBFV replication is significantly restricted in cells of the reservoir species Peromyscus leucopus thereby suggesting a potent antiviral response (Izuogu et al., 2017). We assessed the relative contribution of IFN ... [摘要]  蜱传黄热病病毒(TBFV)的细胞感染导致干扰素(IFN)信号传导途径的激活和随后称为IFN刺激基因(ISG)(Schoggins等人,2011)的众多基因的上调。许多ISG通过蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用以广泛或特定的方式起作用来防止病毒发病(Duggal和Emerman,2012)。 IFN信号反应的效力决定了TBFV感染的结果(Best,2016; Carletti等人,2017)。有趣的是,我们实验室的数据显示TBFV复制在储库物种Peromyscus leucopus的细胞中显着受到限制,从而表明有效的抗病毒应答(Izuogu等人,2017)。我们评估干扰素信号对抗性的相对贡献。通过敲低IFN反应途径中的主要转录因子来抑制白血病。信号转导和转录激活因子1(STAT1)是专门针对在P。 leucopus细胞通过shRNA技术。我们进一步测试了基因敲低对细胞对IFN反应和限制病毒复制的能力的影响;结果表明当STAT1表达被改变时,leucopus细胞对IFN刺激的反应降低,并且对TBFV复制显着更敏感。

【背景】IFN信号是抵抗侵入宿主细胞的黄病毒的第一道防线(Robertson等人,2009; Lazear和Diamond,2015)。通过模式识别受体(PRR)检测与病毒颗粒相关的分子标记,然后通过转录因子引发下游信号从细胞释放1型IFN(Kawai ...

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